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The AppleTalk address resolution protocol ( AARP ) allowed AppleTalk hosts to automatically generate their own network addresses, and the Name Binding Protocol ( NBP ) was a dynamic system for mapping network addresses to user-readable names.
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AppleTalk and address
An AppleTalk address was a 4-byte quantity.
Note that, because a name translated to an address, which included a socket number as well as a node number, a name in AppleTalk mapped directly to a service being provided by a machine, which was entirely separate from the name of the machine itself.
When powered on, an AppleTalk machine broadcasts an AARP probe packet asking for a network address, intending to hear back from controllers such as routers.
A Zone Multicast Address is datalink independent group address within the AppleTalk computer network protocol suite at which a network node receives the NBP broadcasts directed to its zone.
AppleTalk and protocol
* AppleTalk Session Protocol, a session layer protocol used by the AppleTalk suite of protocols
AppleTalk was released for the original Macintosh in 1985, and was the primary protocol used by Apple devices through the 1980s and 90s.
The rise of TCP / IP during the 1990s led to a re-implementation of most of these types of support on that protocol, and AppleTalk became unsupported as of the release of Mac OS X v10. 6 in 2009.
The AppleTalk design rigorously followed the OSI model of protocol layering.
Each node dynamically chose its own node number, according to a protocol ( originally the LocalTalk Link Access Protocol LLAP and later the AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol, AARP ) which handled contention between different nodes accidentally choosing the same number.
For socket numbers, a few well-known numbers were reserved for special purposes specific to the AppleTalk protocol itself.
This was a comparatively late addition to the AppleTalk protocol suite, done when it became clear that a TCP-style reliable connection-oriented transport was needed.
The Apple Filing Protocol ( AFP ), formerly AppleTalk Filing Protocol, is the protocol for communicating with AppleShare file servers.
ATP was the original reliable transport-level protocol for AppleTalk, built on top of DDP.
At the time it was being developed, a full, reliable connection-oriented protocol like TCP was considered to be too expensive to implement for most of the intended uses of AppleTalk.
AEP ( AppleTalk Echo Protocol ) is a transport layer protocol designed to test the reachability of network nodes.
ZIP was the protocol by which AppleTalk network numbers were associated with zone names.
The initial default hardware implementation for AppleTalk was a high-speed serial protocol known as LocalTalk that used the Macintosh's built-in RS-422 ports at 230. 4 kbit / s.
* Kinetics Internet Protocol ( KIP ), an AppleTalk network protocol
Although this market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in this area continue to be influential on the Internet and in both Linux and Apple Mac OS X networking — and the TCP / IP protocol has now almost completely replaced IPX, AppleTalk, NBF, and other protocols used by the early PC LANs.
Based on the AppleTalk protocol stack, LocalTalk connected the LaserWriter to the Mac over an RS-422 serial port.
Other examples of session layer implementations include Zone Information Protocol ( ZIP ) – the AppleTalk protocol that coordinates the name binding process, and Session Control Protocol ( SCP ) – the DECnet Phase IV session-layer protocol.
The IIGS also supported booting from an AppleShare server, via the AppleTalk protocol, over LocalTalk cabling.
Network Control Protocols include the Internet Protocol Control Protocol for the Internet Protocol, the Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol for the Internet Packet Exchange protocol, and the AppleTalk Control Protocol for AppleTalk.
Thousands of Mac programs were based on the AppleTalk protocol ; in order to support these programs, AppleTalk was re-implemented as an OpenTransport " stack ", and then re-implemented as an API shim on top of this new library.
AppleTalk and AARP
" Together AARP and NBP made AppleTalk an easy-to-use networking system.
AARP resolves AppleTalk addresses to link layer, usually MAC, addresses.
AppleTalk and allowed
AppleTalk included a number of features that allowed local area networks to be connected with no prior setup or the need for a centralized router or server of any sort.
The relatively slow speed of AppleTalk allowed further reductions in cost.
Instead of using RS-422's balanced transmit and receive circuits, the AppleTalk Personal Network cabling used a single common electrical ground, which limited speeds to about 500 kbit / s, but allowed one conductor to be removed.
PhoneNet allowed AppleTalk networks to be connected together using normal phone wires, even existing runs already being used for phones.
However, the LaserWriter featured AppleTalk support that allowed the printer to be shared among as many as sixteen Macs, meaning that its per-user price could fall to under $ 450, far less expensive than HPs less-advanced model.
The LaserWriter was also the first peripheral to use the LocalTalk connector and Apple ’ s unified round AppleTalk Connector Family, which allowed any variety of mechanical networking systems to be plugged into the ports on the computers or printers.
New software drivers allowed the ImageWriter LQ to be used on AppleTalk local area networks and supports use of tabloid, or B, size paper ().
Earlier versions of AppleShare supported only the AppleTalk network transport protocol but later versions, sold under the name AppleShare IP, allowed use of the TCP / IP protocol stack, as used on most modern networks.
The Chooser allowed users to connect to AppleShare file servers ( via AppleTalk or TCP / IP ), enable or disable the network access, and select which printer to use.
AppleTalk Remote Access, or ATRA, was a protocol stack that allowed AppleTalk to be run over modems.
Centram Systems product, called TOPS (" Transcendental Operating System "), allowed transparent file sharing among Macs, PCs, and Unix machines, using the AppleTalk protocol.
AppleTalk and automatically
Connecting together AppleTalk equipped systems would automatically assign addresses, update the distributed namespace, and configure any required inter-networking routing.
AppleTalk and their
AppleTalk is a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. for their Mac computers.
Support was added to OS X in order to provide support for the large number of existing AppleTalk devices, notably laser printers and file shares, but alternate connection solutions common in this era, notably USB for printers, limited their demand.
AppleTalk and own
Apple also added its own implementation of AppleTalk to the stack to support legacy networks.
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