* 1704 – War of the Spanish Succession: Gibraltar is captured by an English and Dutch fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir George Rooke and allied with Archduke Charles.

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

Victorious Archduke Charles of Austria during the Battle of Aspern-Essling ( 21 – 22 May 1809 ).

In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations ; Austria sustained defeat on the Danube, and the archduke was defeated by Massena in the Battle of Caldiero.

In 1806 Francis II ( now Francis I of Austria ) named the Archduke Charles, already a field marshal, as Commander in Chief of the Austrian army and Head of the Council of War.

Archduke Charles with family.

Archduke Charles at the Battle of Ostrach

Statue of Archduke Charles on the Heldenplatz in Vienna.

The theory and the practice of Archduke Charles form one of the most curious contrasts in military history.

" Malines, Lierre, Ghent, Alost, Damme, Oudenaarde, Bruges, and on 6 June Antwerp, all subsequently fell to Marlborough ’ s victorious army and, like Brussels, proclaimed the Austrian candidate for the Spanish throne, the Archduke Charles, as their sovereign.

* 1662 – Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria ( b. 1628 )

She turned down Philip II's own hand in 1559, and negotiated for several years to marry his cousin Archduke Charles of Austria.

He briefly commanded the Allied forces during the Flanders Campaign of 1794 before handing over command to his brother Archduke Charles.

In military affairs Francis had allowed his brother, the Archduke Charles, extensive control over the army during the Napoleonic wars.

The other pretender, an Austrian Habsburg, Archduke Charles, supported by the Holy Roman Empire, England and the Netherlands did not accept Charles II's testament.

* 1703 12 February – The Archduke Charles was proclaimed king of Castile and Aragon in Vienna.

George Rooke, the commander of the Anglo-Dutch fleet that conquered Gibraltar on behalf of the Archduke Charles

They demanded its unconditional surrender and an oath of loyalty to the Habsburg pretender to the Spanish throne, the Archduke Charles.

A brigade of Dutch Royal Marines and Royal Marines, 1, 800 strong, under the command of Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, chief commander of the Alliance Army in Spain, began to besiege Gibraltar, in the name of the Archduke Charles.

* 1704 4 August – The Governor Diego de Salinas surrendered the town to Prince George of Hesse, who took it in the name of Archduke, as Charles III, king of Castile and Aragon.

Isidro Sepúlveda, William Jackson and George Hills explicitly refute it ( Sepúlveda points out that if such a fact had actually happened, it would have caused a big crisis in the Alliance supporting the Archduke Charles ; George Hills explains that the story was first accounted by the Marquis of San Felipe, who wrote his book " Comentarios de la guerra de España e historia de su rey Phelipe V el animoso " in 1725, more than twenty years after the fact ; the marquis was not an eye-witness and cannot be considered as a reliable source for the facts that took place in Gibraltar in 1704.

Although nominally in the hands of the Archduke Charles, and garrisoned with both English and Dutch regiments, Britain began to monopolize the rule of the town.

* 1705 2 August – The Archduke Charles stopped over in Gibraltar on his way to the territories of the Crown of Aragon.

The English Major General John Shrimpton was left as governor ( appointed by the Archduke Charles on the recommendation of Queen Anne ).

The second but eldest surviving child of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archduchess Maria Theresa was born early in the morning of 13 May 1717, at the Hofburg Palace, Vienna, shortly after the death of her elder brother, Archduke Leopold, and was baptised on that same evening.

Francis was baptised 5 days after birth by the local Archbishop in the local Cathedral ; Emperor Franz I of Austria, the former Holy Roman Emperor, acted as his godfather, but his uncle Archduke Ferdinand acted as proxy for the emperor.

He was baptised in Pöcking, Bavaria, as Archduke Karl of Austria ( Erzherzog Karl von Österreich ), the name entered in the baptismal records.

* Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria ( 9 March 1561 – 22 September 1578 ).

** Archduke Johannes ( b. 1981 ).

* Archduke Raineri Salvatore Maria Gaetano Giuseppe Giovanni Filippo Jacopo Antonius Zanobi Lodovico Gonzaga ( Rainer Salvator Maria Gaëtan Joseph Johann Phillipp Jacob Antonius Zanobius Ludwig Gonzaga ) ( Florence, 1 May 1842-Florence, 14 August 1844 ).

Archduke Carl Ludwig Maria Franz Joseph Michael Gabriel Antonius Robert Stephan Pius Gregor Ignatius Markus d ' Aviano of Austria, also known as Carl Ludwig Habsburg-Lothringen ( 10 March 1918 – 11 December 2007 ) was

* Albert I of Germany ( 1255 – 1308 ), King of Germany and Archduke of Austria

In 1863, the invading French, under Napoleon III ( see above ), in alliance with Mexican conservatives and nobility, helped create the Second Mexican Empire, and invited Archduke Maximilian, of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, younger brother of the Austrian Emperor Franz Josef I, to become emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.

Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings, his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor ( his uncle Joseph had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages ), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in Vienna to educate and prepare him for his future role.

According to a very common legend, Count Andrássy had a long lasting romance with Queen Elisabeth ( Sissy ), wife of Emperor and King Franz-Josef of Austria-Hungary, and fathered their only son, Archduke Rudolf.

Rudolf II ( July 18, 1552 – January 20, 1612 ) was Holy Roman Emperor ( 1576 – 1612 ), King of Hungary and Croatia ( 1572 – 1608 ), King of Bohemia ( 1575 – 1608 / 1611 ) and Archduke of Austria ( 1576 – 1608 ).

* Sigismund, Archduke of Austria ( 1427 – 1496 ), ruler of Further Austria

* Archduke Sigismund Francis of Austria ( 1630-1665 ), ruler of Further Austria

* January 11 – Karl von Habsburg-Lothringen ( Károly ), Archduke, Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary

* Albert VII ( 1559 – 1621 ), Archduke of Austria and governor ( 1596 – 1598 ) and Co-sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands ( modern-day Belgium and Luxembourg ) with Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain, held position ( as Co-sovereign ) 1598 – 1621

At the Battle of Theiningen ( 1796 ), Bernadotte contributed, more than anyone else, to the successful retreat of the French army over the Rhine after its defeat by the Archduke Charles of Austria.

Following the notable but short reign of Rudolf IV ( the first to claim the title of Archduke of Austria ), his brothers Albert III and Leopold III split the realms in the Treaty of Neuberg in 1379.

Archduke Leopold William, governor of the Southern Netherlands ( today's Belgium ), had the find published in Latin.

With the main Austrian army north of the Alps defeated ( another army under Archduke Charles manoeuvred inconclusively against André Masséna's French army in Italy ), Napoleon occupied Vienna.

Franz Joseph was born in the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, the oldest son of Archduke Franz Karl ( the younger son of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II ), and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria.

Franz Joseph was soon joined by three younger brothers: Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian ( born 1832, the future Emperor Maximilian of Mexico ); Archduke Karl Ludwig ( born 1833, and the father of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria ), and Archduke Ludwig Viktor ( born 1842 ), and a sister, Maria Anna ( born 1835 ), who died at the age of four.