Aristide spent his exile first in Venezuela and then in the United States, working to develop international support.

During the year, she also spent time in Haiti, witnessing the fall of the regime of Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

Following a military coup by Raoul Cédras that unseated Aristide less than a year after his election, Jean-Juste then spent the next three years in hiding.

Aristide Devol, the sardonic manservant who had been brought in chains years before from his native Sierra Leone, smiled thinly and touched his well-brushed beaver hat.

The criminal court case brought against Aristide was quietly shelved, though various members of his Lavalas party languished for years in prison without charge or trial due to similar accusations

According to the BBC, pyramid schemes " were only real economic initiative of the Aristide years.

Under pressure, the provincial delegate of the Salesian Order sent Aristide into three years of exile in Montreal.

My role is to preach and organize ...." In 1994, Aristide left priesthood, ending years of tension with the church over his criticism of its hierarchy and his espousal of liberation theology.

There was some dispute over whether Aristide, prior to new elections, should serve the three years he had lost in exile, or whether his term in office should instead be counted strictly according to the date of his inauguration ; it was decided that the latter should be the case.

" The revelation that federal officials are still pursuing Aristide, years after a U. S. grand jury investigation failed to nab him on drug-trafficking and money-laundering allegations, comes at a politically charged time in Haiti.

His father Albert Dupré was organist in Rouen and a friend of Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, who built an organ in the family house when Marcel was 14 years old.

During these years, prominent journalists such as Jack Newfield interviewed national and international leaders such as Mario Cuomo and Haiti's embattled President Aristide to bring more credibility to the growing influence of the magazine.

In the aftermath of the war, the student movement declined considerably, and the PSN faded away by 1994, after doing organizing in 1992 against the celebration of 500 years since Christopher Columbus's 1492 ' discovery ' of America ; against the coup in Haiti that overthrew elected leader Jean Bertrand Aristide ; and in support of the 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas, Mexico.

In mid-1993, two years after the 1991 Haitian coup d ' état, Constant set-up a Haitian death squad known as the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti ( FRAPH ) to terrorize supporters of exiled president Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

His mother, Agata " Kate " Sigismondi, was born in Messina, Sicily, and was 15 years younger than Aristide.

Here he often met with the elderly Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.

By 24: 00 only Tonnant remained engaged, as Commodore Aristide Aubert Du Petit Thouars continued his fight with Majestic and fired on Swiftsure when the British ship moved within range.

Further instability ensued, with several massacres, including the St Jean Bosco massacre in which the church of Jean-Bertrand Aristide was attacked and burned down.

The Haitian general election, 1995 in June 1995 saw Aristide's coalition, the Lavalas ( Waterfall ) Political Organization, gain a sweeping victory, and René Préval, a prominent Aristide political ally, elected President with 88 % of the vote.

In late 1996, Aristide broke with Préval and formed a new political party, the Lavalas Family ( Fanmi Lavalas, FL ), which won elections in April 1997 for one-third of the Senate and local assemblies, but these results were not accepted by the government.

At the November 2000 elections, boycotted by the opposition, Aristide was again elected president, with more than 90 % of the vote, on a turnout of around 50 % according to international observers.

On February 29, 2004, with rebel contingents marching towards Port-au-Prince, Aristide departed from Haiti.

Aristide has accused the U. S. of deposing him in concert with the Haitian opposition.

On February 29, 2004, a coup d ' état ousted the popularly elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, allegedly with the assistance of the French and United States governments ; U. S. and French soldiers were on the ground in Haiti at the time, recently arrived ( See controversy ).

The journal Tropiques, featuring the work of Cesaire along with Suzanne Césaire, René Ménil, Lucie Thésée, Aristide Maugée and others, was first published in 1941.

Perpignan has a close connection with the sculptor Aristide Maillol, who attended school there.

This plot, launched with the full knowledge of Nivelle and the French Prime Minister Aristide Briand, was announced in guarded terms at a War Cabinet meeting on 24 February, to which neither Robertson nor Lord Derby ( Secretary of State for War ) had been invited, then landed on Robertson and Haig without warning at an Anglo-French conference at Calais ( 26-7 Feb ).

By 1915, Zaharoff had close ties with both David Lloyd George and Aristide Briand.

It is reported that, on the occasion of one visit with Briand, Zaharoff quietly left an envelope on Aristide Briand ’ s desk ; the envelope contained a million francs for war widows.

He was succeeded as premier by Aristide Briand, with a reconstructed cabinet.

His father died when Aristide was only three months old, and Aristide moved to Port-au-Prince with his mother, seeking a better life for him.

In 1958, Aristide started school with priests of the Salesian order.

The following year, Aristide married Mildred Trouillot, with whom he had two daughters.

Aristide announced his candidacy for the presidency and following a six-week campaign, during which he dubbed his followers the " Front National pour le Changement et la Démocratie " ( National Front for Change and Democracy, or FNCD ), the " little priest " was elected President in 1990 with 67 % of the vote.

In addition to this trade with the US, the coup regime was supported by massive profits from the drug trade thanks to the Haitian military's affiliation with the Cali Cartel and the drug-affiliated government in the neighboring Dominican Republic ; Aristide publicly stated that his own pursuit of arresting drug dealers was one event that prompted the coup by drug-affiliated military officials Raul Cedras and Michel Francois ( a claim echoed by his former Secretary of State Patrick Elie ).

Aristide then was elected later that year in the 2000 presidential election, an election boycotted by most opposition political parties, now organised into the Convergence Démocratique.

Also, in the course of Haiti's first free and fair election, Jean-Bertrand Aristide rose to power by rallying the poor majority behind his organization while openly criticizing the elites of the country ( mostly white and mulatto ); elites of the minority were very sensitive to his populist stance and viewed him as hostile, and the leaders of the elite ( such as the Group of 184 and Convergence Démocratique organizations ) openly accused Aristide of fomenting class war and even claimed he was permitting popular violence against the elite.

He was leader of the Convergence Démocratique prior to the 2004 Haitian coup d ' état which overthrew Aristide.

Aristide and his wife left Haiti on an American airplane, escorted by American diplomats and military personnel, and were flown directly to Bangui, capital of the Central African Republic, where he stayed for the following two weeks, before seeking asylum in a less remote location.

The Haitian government suspended the suit against Aristide on Jun.

The misery endured by Haiti's poor made a deep impression on Aristide, and he became an outspoken critic of Duvalierism.

The most widely publicized attempt, the St Jean Bosco massacre, occurred on 11 September 1988, when over one hundred armed Tonton Macoute wearing red armbands forced their way into St. Jean Bosco as Aristide began Sunday mass.

A coup attempt against Aristide had taken place on January 6, even before his inauguration, when Roger Lafontant, a Tonton Macoute leader under Duvalier, seized the provisional President Ertha Pascal-Trouillot and declared himself President.

Aristide was deposed on 29 September 1991, and after several days sent into exile, his life only saved by the intervention of US, French and Venezuelan diplomats.

In 1993, Constant, who had been on the CIA's payroll as an informant since 1992, organized the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti ( FRAPH ), which targeted and killed Aristide supporters.

On 15 October 1994, the Clinton administration permitted Aristide to return to Haiti to complete his term in office on the condition that he adopt the economic program of the defeated US backed candidate in the 1990 elections, a former World Bank official who had received 14 % of the vote.

The Administration also urged Aristide to stick closely to neoliberal economics and to abide by the Caribbean nation ’ s constitution — which gives substantial political power to the Parliament while imposing tight limits on the Executive.

Despite enjoying widespread support by the majority of Haitians, the Washington Post informed their readers that regime change was looming on November 21, 2003: " Aristide has pushed with mixed success a populist agenda of higher minimum wages, school construction, literacy programs, higher taxes on the rich and other policies that have angered an opposition movement run largely by a mulatto elite that has traditionally controlled Haiti's economy.

On Feb. 8, 2001, the federally funded International Republican Institute's ( IRI ) senior program officer for Haiti, Stanley Lucas, appeared on the Haitian station Radio Tropicale to suggest three strategies for vanquishing Haiti's president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

Under disputed circumstances, Aristide was flown out of the country by the U. S. on 28 February 2004.

" In a 2006 interview, Aristide said the US went back on their word regarding compromises he made with them over privatization of enterprises to ensure that part of the profits would go to the Haitian people and then " relied on a disinformation campaign " to discredit him.

In South Africa, Aristide became an honorary research fellow at the University of South Africa, learned Zulu, and on 25 April 2007, received a doctorate in African Languages.