* Aristotle ( 384-322 BC )

Plato's student Aristotle ( 384-322 BCE ) developed a different explanation for the elements based on pairs of qualities.

Plato ’ s student Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) developed a different explanation for the elements based on pairs of qualities.

Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ), Plato ’ s greatest pupil, wrote a treatise on methods of reasoning used in deductive proofs ( see Logic ) which was not substantially improved upon until the 19th century.

Plato's student Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) famously set forth an extended treatise on rhetoric that still repays careful study today.

" No one in the history of civilization has shaped our understanding of science and natural philosophy more than the great Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ), who exerted a profound and pervasive influence for more than two thousand years " — Gary B. Ferngren

Historical records show that informally classifying organisms took place at least back to the days of Aristotle ( Greece, 384-322 BC ), who was the first to begin to classify all living things.

Greek philosopher, Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) believed dreams caused physiological activity.

Plato's dialectical protégé Aristotle ( 384-322 B. C.

The Attic Greek of the philosopher Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ), whose mentor was Plato, dates from the period of transition from Classical Attic to koine.

The Via Media was the dominant philosophical precept by which Ancient Roman civilisation and society was organised. This precept of moderation in all things was derived from earlier Ancient Greek philosophy where Aristotle ( 384-322 B. C.

Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) disagreed with his teacher, Plato, in several important respects.

Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

Aristotle, whose name means " the best purpose ," was born in Stageira, Chalcidice, in 384 BC, about east of modern-day Thessaloniki.

Aristotle remained at the academy for nearly twenty years before quitting Athens in 348 / 47 BC.

Soon after Hermias ' death, Aristotle was invited by Philip II of Macedon to become the tutor to his son Alexander in 343 BC.

It is during this period in Athens from 335 to 323 BC when Aristotle is believed to have composed many of his works.

We know little more of the life of Andronicus, but he is of special interest in the history of philosophy, from the statement of Plutarch, that he published a new edition of the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus, which formerly belonged to the library of Apellicon, and were brought to Rome by Sulla with the rest of Apellicon's library in 84 BC.

Payment for jurors was introduced around 462 BC and is ascribed to Pericles, a feature described by Aristotle as fundamental to radical democracy ( Politics 1294a37 ).

Modern botany traces its roots back more than twenty three centuries, to the Father of Botany, Theophrastus ( c. 371 – 287 BC ), a student of Aristotle.

Aristotle ( ca 350 BC ) was one of the first in recorded history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms of constitutional government.

Western casuistry dates from Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ), yet the zenith of casuistry was from 1550 to 1650, when the Society of Jesus used case-based reasoning, particularly in administering the Sacrament of Penance ( or " confession ").

Plato ( c. 427 – 347 BC ) and Aristotle ( c. 384 – 322 BC ) both posited first cause arguments, though each had certain notable caveats.

Aristotle specifies that Draco laid down his legal code in the archonship of Aristaechmus ( Ἀρισταίχμος ) in 620 or 621 BC.

Aristotle ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) posited an ethical system that may be termed " self-realizationism.

Aristotle accepted the spherical shape of the Earth on empirical grounds around 330 BC, and knowledge of the spherical Earth gradually began to spread beyond the Hellenistic world from then on.

and Leucippus ( c. 440 BC ) and Democritus ( c. 460 – 370 BC ) according to Aristotle.

Around 330 BC, Aristotle maintained on the basis of physical theory and observational evidence that the Earth was spherical.

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ), however, believed the Milky Way to be caused by " the ignition of the fiery exhalation of some stars which were large, numerous and close together " and that the " ignition takes place in the upper part of the atmosphere, in the region of the world which is continuous with the heavenly motions.

In what he called " first philosophy " or metaphysics, Aristotle did intend a theological correspondence between the prime mover and deity ( presumably Zeus ); functionally, however, he provided an explanation for the apparent motion of the " fixed stars " ( now understood as the daily rotation of the Earth ).

Until the 12th century brought translations from Arabic sources, Isidore transmitted what western Europeans remembered of the works of Aristotle and other Greeks, although he understood only a limited amount of Greek.

The Greek philosopher Aristotle ( 384 to 322 BCE ) understood the optical principle of the pinhole camera.

Not in order to be liberated from terror and pity, not in order to purge oneself of a dangerous affect by its vehement discharge — which is how Aristotle understood tragedy — but in order to celebrate oneself the eternal joy of becoming, beyond all terror and pity — that tragic joy included even joy in destruction.

So " Aristotle " is understood as " The pupil of Plato and teacher of Alexander ", or by some other unique description.

He learned the rudiments of Latin at the grammar school of Montrose, after leaving which he learned Greek for two years under Pierre de Marsilliers, a Frenchman whom John Erskine of Dun had persuaded to settle at Montrose ; such was Melville's proficiency that on going to the University of St Andrews he astonished the professors by using the Greek text of Aristotle, which no one else there understood.

Aristotle in turn argues that happiness is properly understood as an on-going and stable dynamic, a way of being in action ( energeia ), specifically appropriate to the human " soul " ( psuchē ), at its most " excellent " or virtuous ( virtue representing aretē in Greek ).

Chapter 6 contains a famous digression in which Aristotle appears to question his " friends " who " introduced the forms ", what is now known as the Theory of Forms, by which he is understood to be referring to Plato and his school, for while both " the truth and one's friends " are loved " it is a sacred thing to give the highest honor to the truth ".

According to Aristotle character properly understood, meaning one's virtue or vice, is not just any tendency or habit but something which affects when we feel pleasure or pain.

While the traditional popular rendering of hamartia as " tragic flaw " ( or " fatal flaw ") is broadly imprecise and often misleading, it cannot be ruled out that the term as Aristotle understood it could sometimes at least partially connote a failure of morals or character:

But, in direct opposition to Plato, if anyone, Aristotle is attempting to finesse a philosophical quandary that was well understood in the fourth century.

His system is understood as a synthesis of Plato and Aristotle, with some elements borrowed from the East, and perhaps derived from a study of the Pythagorean system, which experienced a revival of sorts concomitant to that which produced Middle Platonism.

A major difficulty comes from the fact that the terms actuality and potentiality, linked in this definition, are normally understood within Aristotle as opposed to each other.

Later he read the book of al-Farabi, Purposes of Metaphysics of Aristotle, and understood Aristotle's book.

Aristotle used the term in a secondary sense for genera and species understood as hylomorphic forms.