Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BCE – 322 BCE ), a student of Plato, promoted the concept that observation of physical phenomena could ultimately lead to the discovery of the natural laws governing them.

The great chain of being (, literally " ladder or stair-way of nature "), is a concept derived from Plato and Aristotle, and developed fully in Neoplatonism.

Aristotle writes in the Poetics that tragedy was born from the beginning improvisation, namely " by those who chant the dithyramb " (, apò ton exarchòntōn tòn dithýrambon ), a song choir in honor of Dionysus.

Aristotle answers this question by formulating the concept of " catharsis " (, purification ), the tragedy that confronts men passionate and irrational impulses ( matricide, incest, cannibalism, suicide, infanticide ...) that are more or less unconsciously, in the human, allowing individuals to sfogarli harmlessly, in a sort of exorcism of mass.

This is evidenced by the fact that the introduction to the Topics contains and relies upon his definition of reasoning (, syllogismós ): a verbal expression (, lógos ) in which, certain things having been laid down, other things necessarily follow from these .. Dialectical reasoning is thereafter divided by Aristotle into inductive and deductive parts.

Phaenias of Eresus (, Phainias ; also Phanias ) was a Greek philosopher from Lesbos, important as an immediate follower of and commentator on Aristotle.

Aristotle, whose name means " the best purpose ," was born in Stageira, Chalcidice, in 384 BC, about east of modern-day Thessaloniki.

The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle ( 384 – 322 B. C.

Western casuistry dates from Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ), yet the zenith of casuistry was from 1550 to 1650, when the Society of Jesus used case-based reasoning, particularly in administering the Sacrament of Penance ( or " confession ").

Aristotle, ( 384 – 322 BCE ), believed earth was the heaviest element, and his theory of natural place suggested that any earth – laden substances, would fall quickly, straight down, toward the center of the cosmos.

Plato ( c. 427 – 347 BC ) and Aristotle ( c. 384 – 322 BC ) both posited first cause arguments, though each had certain notable caveats.

Aristotle ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) posited an ethical system that may be termed " self-realizationism.

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ), however, believed the Milky Way to be caused by " the ignition of the fiery exhalation of some stars which were large, numerous and close together " and that the " ignition takes place in the upper part of the atmosphere, in the region of the world which is continuous with the heavenly motions.

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BCE )

The antecedents of Western politics can be traced back to the Socratic political philosophers, Plato ( 427 – 347 BC ), Xenophon ( c. 430 – 354 BC ), and Aristotle (" The Father of Political Science ") ( 384 – 322 BC ).

Aristotle, 384 BC – 322 BC ,-one of the early figures in the development of the scientific method.

Aristotle ( c. 384 – 322 B. C.

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ) was puzzled by the idea that there could be a first bird or egg and concluded that both the bird and egg must have always existed:

Aristotle ( 384 BC − 322 BC ) remarked that as the distance decreases, the time needed to cover those distances also decreases, so that the time needed also becomes increasingly small.

The origins of what has come to be known as Occam's razor are traceable to the works of earlier philosophers such as John Duns Scotus ( 1265 – 1308 ), Maimonides ( Moses ben-Maimon, 1138 – 1204 ), and even Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ) ( Charlesworth 1956 ).

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ) discussed mead in his Meteorologica and elsewhere, while Pliny the Elder ( AD 23 – 79 ) called mead militites in his Naturalis Historia and differentiated wine sweetened with honey or " honey-wine " from mead.

The Greek philosopher Aristotle ( 384 to 322 BCE ) understood the optical principle of the pinhole camera.

* 384 BC – Aristotle, Greek philosopher, a student of Plato, and teacher of Alexander the Great

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ) classified animal species in his work The History of Animals, and his pupil Theophrastus ( c. 371 – c.

* March 7 – Aristotle, Greek philosopher and scientist ( b. 384 BC )

In Europe, for example, Aristotle ( 384 BCE – 322 BCE ) is said to have had a physic garden in the Lyceum at Athens, which was used for educational purposes and for the study of botany and this was inherited, or possibly set up, by his pupil Theophrastus, the " Father of Botany ".

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ) provided the classic escape from the logical problem posed by Parmenides by distinguishing things that are matter and things that are space.

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BCE ) said definitions should describe the concept being defined in terms of other concepts already known.

Aristotle ( 384 – 322 B. C. E.

Aristotle remained at the academy for nearly twenty years before quitting Athens in 348 / 47 BC.

Soon after Hermias ' death, Aristotle was invited by Philip II of Macedon to become the tutor to his son Alexander in 343 BC.

It is during this period in Athens from 335 to 323 BC when Aristotle is believed to have composed many of his works.

* Aristotle ( 384-322 BC )

Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) understood that sound consisted of contractions and expansions of the air " falling upon and striking the air which is next to it ...", a very good expression of the nature of wave motion.

We know little more of the life of Andronicus, but he is of special interest in the history of philosophy, from the statement of Plutarch, that he published a new edition of the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus, which formerly belonged to the library of Apellicon, and were brought to Rome by Sulla with the rest of Apellicon's library in 84 BC.

Payment for jurors was introduced around 462 BC and is ascribed to Pericles, a feature described by Aristotle as fundamental to radical democracy ( Politics 1294a37 ).

Modern botany traces its roots back more than twenty three centuries, to the Father of Botany, Theophrastus ( c. 371 – 287 BC ), a student of Aristotle.

Aristotle ( ca 350 BC ) was one of the first in recorded history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms of constitutional government.

Plato ’ s student Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) developed a different explanation for the elements based on pairs of qualities.

Aristotle specifies that Draco laid down his legal code in the archonship of Aristaechmus ( Ἀρισταίχμος ) in 620 or 621 BC.

Aristotle accepted the spherical shape of the Earth on empirical grounds around 330 BC, and knowledge of the spherical Earth gradually began to spread beyond the Hellenistic world from then on.

and Leucippus ( c. 440 BC ) and Democritus ( c. 460 – 370 BC ) according to Aristotle.

Around 330 BC, Aristotle maintained on the basis of physical theory and observational evidence that the Earth was spherical.

Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ), Plato ’ s greatest pupil, wrote a treatise on methods of reasoning used in deductive proofs ( see Logic ) which was not substantially improved upon until the 19th century.