In his earliest work, Against the Heathen-On the Incarnation, written before 319, he repeatedly quoted Plato and used a definition from the Organon of Aristotle.

Against the conventionalism that the distinction between nature and custom could engender, Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon, δικαιον φυσικον, Latin ius naturale ).

Aristotle Against Some Modern Aristotelians ’, in MacIntyre, Ethics and Politics: Selected Essays volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

For example, the commentary Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World represents a standardized description of Aristotelian natural philosophy.

* Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World, London: Duckworth, 1987.

Some went so far as to credit Aristotle himself with neo-Platonic metaphysical ideas.

Some philosophers who have had more noteworthy theories are Parmenides, Leucippus, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Plotinus, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hegel, Heidegger, and Sartre.

Some of the earliest recorded speculations linked mind ( sometimes described as identical with soul or spirit ) to theories concerning both life after death, and cosmological and natural order, for example in the doctrines of Zoroaster, the Buddha, Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek, Indian and, later, Islamic and medieval European philosophers.

Some of the earliest examples of such graphical records were developed by Porphyry of Tyros, a noted thinker of the 3rd century, as he graphically visualized the concept categories of Aristotle.

Some believe that Aristotle defines rhetoric in On Rhetoric as the art of persuasion, while others think he defines it as the art of judgment.

Some philosophers, such as Plato, proposed a divine Artificer as the designer ; others, including Aristotle, rejected that conclusion in favor of a more naturalistic teleology.

Some, like Aristotle, regard the Dichotomy as really just another version of Achilles and the Tortoise.

In Aristotle, each of the premises is in the form " All A are B ," " Some A are B ", " No A are B " or " Some A are not B ", where " A " is one term and " B " is another.

Some of these are printed in the early Latin editions of Aristotle ’ s works.

Some of Athens ' greatest such schools included the Lyceum ( the so-called Peripatetic school founded by Aristotle of Stageira ) and the Platonic Academy ( founded by Plato of Athens ).

Some are of the same type as the ancient epitome, such as various epitomes of the Summa Theologiae of St Thomas Aquinas-originally written as an introductory textbook in theology, and now accessible to very few, except for the learned in theology and Aristotelian philosophy-such as A Summa of the Summa and A Shorter Summa: many epitomes today are published under the general title, " The Companion to ...", such as The Oxford Companion to Aristotle or " An Overview of " or " guides ", such as An Overview of the Thought of Immanuel Kant, How to Read Hans Urs von Balthasar, or, in some cases, as an introduction, in the cases of An Introduction to Søren Kierkegaard or A Very Short Introduction to the New Testament ( many philosophical " introductions " and " guides " share the epitomic form, unlike general " introductions " to a field ).

The following works can be usefully consulted in this regard: L. Golden, " Aristotle on Tragic and Comic Mimesis ," Atlanta, 1992, S. Halliwell, " Aristotle's Poetics ," London, 1986, D. Keesey, " On Some Recent Interpretations of Catharsis ," The Classical World ", ( 1979 ) 72. 4, 193-205.

* “ Some Issues in Aristotle ’ s Moral Psychology ”, in Stephen Everson, ed., Companions to Ancient Thought: 4: Ethics ( Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998 ), pp. 107 – 28

Some of the most important figures of Western cultural and intellectual history lived in Athens during this period: the dramatists Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Euripides and Sophocles, the physician Hippocrates, the philosophers Aristotle, Plato and Socrates, the historians Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon, the poet Simonides and the sculptor Phidias, The leading statesman of this period was Pericles, who used the tribute paid by the members of the Delian League to build the Parthenon and other great monuments of classical Athens.

Some scholars prefer to use the word " deduction " instead as the meaning given by Aristotle to the Greek word συλλογισμός " sullogismos ".

Some people mistakenly thought that Aristotle was a minister for dhu-l-qarnain, when they saw that ( the one found in the Western histories ) was named Alexander, and the names are similar, they thought that they were one and the same man.

Some of Mazzoni ’ s influences are obvious, such as Plato and Aristotle.

Some of these later works, such as Aristotle ’ s commentary on the Pythagoreans, are themselves only known from a few surviving fragments.

Some ancient authors, as Diogenes Laërtius state that Aristotle assigned his pupils to prepare a monograph of 158 constitutions of Greek cities, including a constitution of Athens.

Some of Athens ' greatest schools of higher education included the Lyceum ( the so-called Peripatetic school founded by Aristotle of Stageira ) and the Platonic Academy ( founded by Plato of Athens ).

* Aristotle A. Kallis, " Fascism and Religion: The Metaxas Regime in Greece and the ' Third Hellenic Civilisation ': Some Theoretical Observations on ' Fascism ', ' Political Religion ' and ' Clerical Fascism '," Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 8, 2 ( 2007 ), pp 229 – 246.

* Scholarly surveys of focused topics from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: articles on Aristotle, Aristotle in the Renaissance, Biology, Causality, Commentators on Aristotle, Ethics, Logic, Mathematics, Metaphysics, Natural philosophy, Non-contradiction, Political theory, Psychology, Rhetoric

Aristotle and Quintilian discussed oratory, and the subject, with definitive rules and models, was emphasised as a part of a liberal arts education during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

This temporarily limited term entered the lexicon during the twentieth century and has been applied oddly, to great thinkers living before and after the Renaissance such as Aristotle, Avicenna, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Isaac Newton.

Although Utopianism is typically a Renaissance movement, combining the classical concepts of perfect societies of Plato and Aristotle with Roman rhetorical finesse ( cf.

The Italian Renaissance brought about a stricter interpretation of Aristotle, as this long-lost work came to light in the late 15th century.

Until the Renaissance, the philosophical consensus on the nature of comets, promoted by Aristotle, was that they were disturbances in the Earth's atmosphere.

Aristotle follows a more ontological route: the misanthrope, as an essentially solitary man, is not a man at all: he must be a beast or a god, a view reflected in the Renaissance of misanthropy as a " beast-like state.

The most important sources for French tragic theatre in the Renaissance were the example of Seneca and the precepts of Horace and Aristotle ( and contemporary commentaries by Julius Caesar Scaliger and Lodovico Castelvetro ), although plots were taken from classical authors such as Plutarch, Suetonius, etc., from the Bible, from contemporary events and from short story collections ( Italian, French and Spanish ).

Although it has been assumed that the universities went into decline during the Renaissance because the scholastic and Aristotelian emphasis of its curriculum was less popular than the cultural studies of Renaissance humanism, Toby Huff has noted the continued importance of the European universities, with their focus on Aristotle and other scientific and philosophical texts, into the early modern period, arguing that they played a crucial role in the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries.

It appears that the Greek Philosopher Aristotle had something like the Renaissance meaning of the term ( that is, a serious action with a happy ending ) in mind when, in Poetics, he discusses tragedy with a dual ending.

A number of medieval poets had, as already noted, shown an interest in the ideas of Aristotle and the writings of European Renaissance precursors such as Dante.

The works of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and other Greek philosophers profoundly influenced Classical thought, the Islamic Golden Age, and the Renaissance.

Following Aristotle, Renaissance critics continued to view the deus ex machina as an inept plot device, although it continued to be employed by Renaissance dramatists ; Shakespeare used the device in As You Like It, Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Cymbeline and The Winter's Tale.

His tragedies are close to the Senecan model ( although at times they echo medieval morality plays ), but Hardy was unconcerned with Renaissance or classical dramatic theory ( Aristotle, Horace ), the three unities ( Hardy's plays feature many locations and extend past 24 hours ) or the rules of " bienséance " ( his plays openly portray rape and murder and often feature non-noble characters ).

* List of Renaissance commentators on Aristotle

Theodorus Gaza or Theodore Gazis ( c. 1398 – c. 1475 ) ( Greek: Θεόδωρος Γαζῆς, Theodoros Gazis ; Italian: Teodoro Gaza ; Latin: Theodorus Gazes, gen .: Theodori Gazae ), also called by the epithet Thessalonicensis ( in Latin ) and Thessalonikeus ( in Greek ), was a Greek humanist and translator of Aristotle, one of the Greek scholars who were the leaders of the revival of learning in the 15th century ( the Palaeologan Renaissance ).

A frequent instance of antonomasia in the Late Middle Ages and early Renaissance was the use of the term " the Philosopher " to refer to Aristotle.

The assumption that Aristotle ’ s works were foundational to an understanding of philosophy did not wane during the Renaissance, which saw a flourishing of new translations, commentaries, and other interpretations of his works, both in Latin and in the vernacular.

* Volume 27 Aristotle and the Renaissance, Charles B. Schmitt ( 1983 )

Farfa, Marsicano, and other scholars translated Aristotle, the precepts of the school of Salerno, and the travels of Marco Polo, linking the classics and the Renaissance.