The title " teacher " was first given to Aristotle by Muslim scholars, and was later used by Western philosophers ( as in the famous poem of Dante ) who were influenced by the tradition of Islamic philosophy.

In his earliest work, Against the Heathen-On the Incarnation, written before 319, he repeatedly quoted Plato and used a definition from the Organon of Aristotle.

Western casuistry dates from Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ), yet the zenith of casuistry was from 1550 to 1650, when the Society of Jesus used case-based reasoning, particularly in administering the Sacrament of Penance ( or " confession ").

It has been used by various theologians and philosophers over the centuries, from the ancient Greeks Plato and Aristotle to the medievals ( e. g., St. Thomas Aquinas ) and beyond.

Virtue ethics describes the character of a moral agent as a driving force for ethical behavior, and is used to describe the ethics of Socrates, Aristotle, and other early Greek philosophers.

Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ), Plato ’ s greatest pupil, wrote a treatise on methods of reasoning used in deductive proofs ( see Logic ) which was not substantially improved upon until the 19th century.

Prior to this work, the concept of a set was a rather elementary one that had been used implicitly since the beginnings of mathematics, dating back to the ideas of Aristotle.

The concept of habitus has been used as early as Aristotle but in contemporary usage was introduced by Marcel Mauss and later re-elaborated by Pierre Bourdieu.

He noted its fading luminosity, speculated about its origin, and used the lack of observed parallax to argue that it was in the sphere of fixed stars, further undermining the doctrine of the immutability of the heavens ( the idea accepted since Aristotle that the celestial spheres were perfect and unchanging ).

Herodotus, Aristotle, Galen, and other classical writers used the term macrobiotics to describe a lifestyle, including a simple balanced diet, that promoted health and longevity.

This classification is comparatively recent ( it was not used by Aristotle or Hobbes, for instance ), and dates from the French Revolution era, when those members of the National Assembly who supported the republic, the common people and a secular society sat on the left and supporters of the monarchy, aristocratic privilege and the Church sat on the right.

According to Aristotle, this art of persuasion could be used in public settings in three different ways.

'" When Aristotle characterizes rhetoric as the antistrophe of dialectic, he no doubt means that rhetoric is used in place of dialectic when we are discussing civic issues in a court of law or in a legislative assembly.

Anaximander ( 6th century BC ) was the first philosopher who used the term arche for that which writers from Aristotle on call the " substratum " ( Hippolitus I, 6, I DK B2 ).

Kant claimed that this problem could be solved with his " transcendental logic " which unlike normal logic is not just an instrument, which can be used indifferently, as it was for Aristotle, but a theoretical science in its own right and the basis of all the others.

In Greek, " first principles " are archai, " starting points ", and the faculty used to perceive them is sometimes referred to in Aristotle and Plato as nous which was close in meaning to awareness " or " consciousness.

In the same work, Aristotle attempts to provide a scholastic definition of what tragedy is: Tragedy is, then, an enactment of a deed that is important and complete, and of certain magnitude, by means of language enriched ornaments, each used separately in the different parts the play: it is enacted, not recited, and through pity and fear it effects relief ( catharsis ) to such similar emotions.

In Europe, for example, Aristotle ( 384 BCE – 322 BCE ) is said to have had a physic garden in the Lyceum at Athens, which was used for educational purposes and for the study of botany and this was inherited, or possibly set up, by his pupil Theophrastus, the " Father of Botany ".

In an event noted by Aristotle, Klazomenians also appear as financial pioneers in economic history, for having used one commodity ( olive oil ), in an organized manner and on a city-scale, to purchase another ( wheat ), with interests refundable on the value of the first.

It was used heavily in schools into and beyond the 13th century but the teaching on natural things would ultimately be superseded by Aristotle ’ s writing.

Double pipes, such as those used by the ancient Greeks, and ancient bagpipes, as well as a review of ancient drawings on vases and walls, etc., and ancient writings ( such as in Aristotle, Problems, Book XIX. 12 ) which described musical techniques of the time, indicate polyphony.

He used the authority of Aristotle in harmony with Scriptural and Patristic texts, and attributed much of the heretical tendency of the age to the attempt to divorce Aristotelian philosophy from Catholic theology.

Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle actually used a wider notion of analogy.

A feudal naming habit is used sometimes in other languages: the French sometimes refer to Aristotle as " le Stagirite " from one spelling of his place of birth, and English speakers often refer to Shakespeare as " The Bard ", recognizing him as a paragon writer of the language.

The word `` mimesis '' ( `` imitation '' ) is usually associated with Plato and Aristotle.

The word energy derives from the Greek, which possibly appears for the first time in the work of Aristotle in the 4th century BCE.

Although the word " metaphysics " goes back to Aristotelean philosophy, Aristotle himself credited earlier philosophers with dealing with metaphysical questions.

: Moreover, the Church had the true faith for more than twelve hundred years, during which time the holy Fathers never once mentioned this transubstantiation — certainly, a monstrous word for a monstrous idea — until the pseudo-philosophy of Aristotle became rampant in the Church these last three hundred years.

From Aristotle onward the definition, in philosophical contexts, of the word " essence " is very close to the definition of form ( Gr. morphe ).

In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle gives a lengthy account of the virtue phronesis ( Greek: ϕρονησιϛ ), which has traditionally been translated as " prudence ", although this has become increasingly problematic as the word has fallen out of common usage.

In Poetics, Aristotle gave the following definition in ancient Greek of the word " tragedy " ( τραγωδία ):

For instance, the Portuguese word Lisboa becomes Lisbon in English ; the English London becomes Londres in French, Portuguese and Spanish ; and the Greek Ἀριστοτέλης ( Aristotelēs ) becomes Aristotle in English.

By contrast, gynæcocracy, meaning ' rule of women ', has been in use since the 17th century, building on the Greek word found in Aristotle and Plutarch.

When Aristotle says that the body is matter for a living thing, he may be using the word " body " to refer to the matter that makes up the fully organized body, rather than the fully organized body itself.

That is, the word " Aristotle " just means Aristotle, that person, and no more.

Following one of the other meanings of the word, Aristotle, in the Ars Rhetorica, gave logos a different technical definition as argument from reason, one of the three modes of persuasion ( the other two modes are pathos (), persuasion by means of emotional appeal: " putting the hearer into a certain frame of mind ", and ethos (), persuasion through convincing listeners of one's " moral character.

Aristotle uses the word premise ( protasis ) as a sentence affirming or denying one thing of another ( Posterior Analytics 1.

This is a word — I think it's an old Hebrew word, but Aristotle was using it — in Webster dictionary it says " material from which elements were formed ".

The word murex was used by Aristotle in reference to these kinds of snails, thus making it one of the oldest classical seashell names still in use by the scientific community.

There is also the possibility that Aristotle may have borrowed his use of the word " analysis " from his teacher Plato.

A problem in meaning arises in the study of Prior Analytics for the word " syllogism " as used by Aristotle in general does not carry the same narrow connotation as it does at present ; Aristotle defines this term in a way that would apply to a wide range of valid arguments.

Some scholars prefer to use the word " deduction " instead as the meaning given by Aristotle to the Greek word συλλογισμός " sullogismos ".

Taking this approach, Aristotle begins by saying that the highest good for humans, the highest aim of all human practical thinking, is eudaimonia, a Greek word often translated as well-being or happiness.

The philosophical works of Themistius must have been very voluminous ; for Photius tells us that he wrote commentaries on all the books of Aristotle, besides useful abstracts of the Posterior Analytics, the books On the Soul, and the Physics, and that there were works of his on Plato ; " and, in a word, he is a lover and eager student of philosophy.