Although it is not possible to sunder old and new in this era, I shall consider in the present chapter primarily the first decades of the eighth century and shall interpret them as an apogee of the first stage of Greek civilization.

In their vases were embodied the basic aesthetic and logical characteristics of Greek civilization, at first hesitantly in Protogeometric work, and then more confidently in the initial stages of the Geometric style.

To have the Greek paper is not the great help that at first flush it seemed.

The first Greek Christians to comment extensively on Aristotle were John Philoponus, Elias, and David in the sixth century, and Stephen of Alexandria in the early seventh century.

The statues of Apollo were thought to incarnate his living presence, and these representations of illusive imaginative reality had deep roots in the Minoan period, and in the beliefs of the first Greek speaking people who entered the region during the bronze-age.

The Siphnian Treasury in Delphi was one of the first Greek buildings utilizing the solution to put the dominating form in the middle, and to complete the descending scale of height with other figures sitting or kneeling.

The first " true alphabet " in this sense is believed to be the Greek alphabet, which is a modified form of the Phoenician alphabet.

The English word alphabet came into Middle English from the Late Latin word alphabetum, which in turn originated in the Greek ἀλφάβητος ( alphabētos ), from alpha and beta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet.

The first Western literature, including the Hurrian – Hittite literature, the first Greek polis and the two main schools of Ancient Greek philosophy seem to originate in this region.

The Greek cognate of Assuwa first describes a plain near the Kayster river in Homer.

The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the " Sea of Atlas ".

The word " alphabet " in English has a source in Greek language in which the first two letters were " A " ( alpha ) and " B " ( beta ), hence " alphabeta ".

The Greek alphabet thus became the world's first " true " alphabet.

The concept of an atom as an indivisible component of matter was first proposed by early Indian and Greek philosophers.

Alpha ( uppercase Α, lowercase α ; Álpha ) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet.

In English the noun alpha is used as a synonym for " beginning ", or " first " ( in a series ), reflecting its Greek roots.

Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, the Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite ( Aphros ), or from the Etruscan name Apru.

* According to a note of Isaac de Beausobre ’ s, Jean Hardouin accepted the first three of these, taking the four others for the initials of the Greek anthrōpoussōzōn hagiōi xylōi, “ saving mankind by the holy cross .”

He was a cultivated patron of literature and art, and it was in his time that the first printing press authorized to use the Arabic or Turkish languages was set up in Constantinople, operated by Ibrahim Muteferrika ( while the printing press had been introduced to Constantinople in 1480, all works published before 1729 were in Greek, Armenian, or Hebrew ).

The first ' modern ' publication of Alcaeus ' verses appeared in a Greek and Latin edition of fragments collected from the canonic nine lyrical poets by Michael Neander, published at Basle in 1556.

The Greek words " ida " ( οίδα: know ) and " idos " ( είδος: species ) have the same root as the word " idea " ( ιδέα ), indicating how the Greek mind moved from the gift of the senses, to the principles beyond the senses.

Rome carried forth Greek ideas of citizenship such as the principles of equality under the law, civic participation in government, and notions that " no one citizen should have too much power for too long ",.

He described how the Progressives preached a “ hedonistic doctrine of change ” whereas the essentialists stressed the moral responsibility of man for his actions and looked toward permanent principles of behavior ( Demiashkevich likened the arguments to those between the Socratics and the Sophists in Greek philosophy ).

Epicurus's teachings represented a departure from the other major Greek thinkers of his period, and before, but was nevertheless founded on many of the same principles as Democritus.

In July 1997, on the sidelines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) summit in Madrid, Greek and Turkish leaders reached agreement on six principles to govern their bilateral relations.

The Cyrenaics were an ultra-hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BCE, supposedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, Aristippus the Younger.

The word meme is a shortening ( modeled on gene ) of mimeme ( from Ancient Greek μίμημα mīmēma, " something imitated ", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, " to imitate ", from μῖμος mimos " mime ") and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ( 1976 ) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.

He was knowledgeable about Greek and Arabic medicine, and followed the principles of humorism in the tradition of Galen, however, he did not blindly accept authority but used his own observation and experience.

The first known Greek work on oratory, written over 2000 years ago, elaborated principles drawn from the practices and experience of orators in the ancient Greek city-states.

In linguistics, syntax ( from Ancient Greek " arrangement " from syn, " together ", and táxis, " an ordering ") is " the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in particular languages ".

A thermometer ( from the Greek θερμός, thermos, meaning " hot " and μἐτρον, metron, " measure ") is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles.

" Some, including drama historian Brian Arkins in his " Heavy Seneca: his Influence on Shakespeare's Tragedies ," have also pointed out their Senecan nature, as differentiated from Aristotle's principles and Greek tragedy.

Serbian Cyrillic was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created the alphabet on phonemic principles, the Cyrillic itself has its origins in Cyril and Methodius ' transformation of the Greek script in the 9th century.

Ptolemy selected the best of the astronomical principles of his Greek predecessors, especially Hipparchus, and appears to have combined them either directly or indirectly with data and parameters obtained from the Babylonians.

The Rabbinic Sages of the Talmud, for instance, saw no need to philosophically prove the existence of God through independent logic from first principles, like philosophers stemming from the Greek tradition did.

Additionally an earlier work on rhetoric Greek principles garnered him wide recognition, even from his former critics who admitted his brilliance and scholarship.

The most prominent university professors of the time were handpicked to tutor the young Crown Prince: Ioannis Pantazidis taught him Greek literature ; Vasileios Lakonas mathematics and physics ; and Constantine Paparrigopoulos history, infusing the young prince with the principles of the Megali Idea.

From the ninth century onward, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy was introduced among the Arabs, and the Peripatetic school began to find able representatives among them ; such were Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ), and Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.

From the ninth century onward, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy was introduced among the Persians and Arabs, and the Peripatetic school began to find able representatives among them ; such were Al-Kindi, Farabi, Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ), and Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.

From the 9th century onwards, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy and Hellenistic philosophy were introduced among the Persians and Arabs, and the Peripatetic and Neoplatonic schools began to find able representatives among them ; such were al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.

First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that sought to discern the principles of the Greeks instead of their mere practices.

Even as he claimed that " I am a bigoted Greek in the condemnation of the Roman architecture …," he did not seek to rigidly impose Greek forms, stating that " ur religion requires a church wholly different from the temple, our legislative assemblies and our courts of justice, buildings of entirely different principles from their basilicas ; and our amusements could not possibly be performed in their theatres or amphitheatres.