# REDIRECT Arthur Koestler

* Janus: A Summing Up, a book by Arthur Koestler

* Arthur Koestler

For some prominent communists such as Bertram Wolfe, Jay Lovestone, Arthur Koestler, and Heinrich Brandler, the Bukharin trial marked their final break with communism and even turned the first three into fervent anti-Communists eventually.

In the early 1960s the use of LSD and other hallucinogens was advocated by proponents of the new " consciousness expansion ", such as Timothy Leary, Alan Watts, Aldous Huxley and Arthur Koestler, their writings profoundly influenced the thinking of the new generation of youth.

* 1905 – Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English author and journalist ( d. 1983 )

* Koestler, Arthur ( 1976 ).

" Along that same thought, Arthur Koestler stated, " it is the synergistic effects produced by wholes that are the very cause of the evolution of complexity in nature " and used the metaphor of Janus ( a symbol of the unity underlying complements like open / shut, peace / war ) to illustrate how the two perspectives ( strong or holistic vs. weak or reductionistic ) should be treated as perspectives, not exclusives, and should work together to address the issues of emergence.

For some prominent former communists, such as Bertram Wolfe, Jay Lovestone, Arthur Koestler, and Heinrich Brandler, the Bukharin trial marked their final break with communism and turned the first three into fervent anti-communists.

Some of the University's better-known students include: Christian Doppler, Kurt Adler, Franz Alt, Bruno Bettelheim, Rudolf Bing, Lucian Blaga, Josef Breuer, F. F. Bruce, Elias Canetti, Ivan Cankar, Otto Maria Carpeaux, Felix Ehrenhaft, Mihai Eminescu, Paul Feyerabend, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Ernst Gombrich, Kurt Gödel, Erich Göstl, Franz Grillparzer, Jörg Haider, Edmund Husserl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Marie Jahoda, Elfriede Jelinek, Percy Lavon Julian, Karl Kautsky, Elisabeth Kehrer, Hans Kelsen, Rudolf Kirchschläger, Arthur Koestler, Jernej Kopitar, Karl Kordesch, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Richard Kuhn, Paul Lazarsfeld, Gustav Mahler, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Lise Meitner, Gregor Mendel, Franz Mesmer, Franc Miklošič, Alois Mock, Matija Murko, Pope Pius III, Maxim Podoprigora, Hans Popper, Karl Popper, Otto Preminger, Wilhelm Reich, Peter Safar, Mordkhe Schaechter, Arthur Schnitzler, Albin Schram, Wolfgang Schüssel, Joseph Schumpeter, Theodor Herzl, John J. Shea, Jr., Adalbert Stifter, Yemima Tchernovitz-Avidar, Kurt Waldheim, Otto Weininger, Stefan Zweig, and Huldrych Zwingli.

With Arthur Koestler and John Collins, Gollancz set up the National Campaign for the Prevention of Legal Cruelty in 1955.

According to The God that Failed by Arthur Koestler, a former member of the Communist Party of Germany, the largest communist party in Western Europe in the Interwar period, communists, aligned with the Soviet Union, continued to consider the " social fascist " Social Democratic Party of Germany to be the real enemy in Germany, even after the Nazi Party had gotten into power.

Flannery O ' Connor with Arthur Koestler ( left ) and Robie Macauley at the University of Iowa in 1947.

Whereas people like Arthur Koestler left the Party after seeing the friendly reception of Nazi foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in Moscow during the years of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ( 1939-1941 ), Hobsbawm stood firm even after the Soviet invasions of Hungary and Czechoslovakia, though he was against them both.

For some prominent communists such as Bertram Wolfe, Jay Lovestone, Arthur Koestler, and Heinrich Brandler, the Bukharin trial marked their final break with communism, and even turned the first three into fervent anti-Communists eventually.

In June 1950, Trevor-Roper attended a conference in Berlin of anti-Communist intellectuals such as Sidney Hook, Melvin J. Lasky, Ignazio Silone, Arthur Koestler, Raymond Aron and Franz Borkenau that resulted in the founding of the Congress for Cultural Freedom and its magazine Encounter.

In The Act of Creation, Arthur Koestler introduced the concept of bisociation — that creativity arises as a result of the intersection of two quite different frames of reference.

In addition to Jung, Arthur Koestler wrote extensively on synchronicity in The Roots of Coincidence.

Arthur Koestler has written of Beccaria that " there was perhaps no single humanist since Erasmus of Rotterdam who, without being attached to a definite political or religious movement, had such a deep effect on European thought.

* Koestler, Arthur, Reflections on Hanging, Victor Gollancz, 1956.

* Koestler, Arthur, The Yogi and the Commissar, Jonathan Cape, 1964.

In The Case of the Midwife Toad Arthur Koestler surmised that the tampering had been done by a Nazi sympathiser to discredit Kammerer for his political views, and that his research might actually have been valid.

Later supporters of Neo-Lamarckism were George Bernard Shaw and Arthur Koestler who both claimed Lamarckism is more humane, and optimistic than Darwinism.

Arthur Murray mentioned Shag in his 1937 book " Let's Dance ".

Arthur is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle or named in any surviving manuscript written between 400 and 820.

The 9th-century Historia Brittonum also refers to this tale, with the boar there named Troy ( n ) t. Finally, Arthur is mentioned numerous times in the Welsh Triads, a collection of short summaries of Welsh tradition and legend which are classified into groups of three linked characters or episodes in order to assist recall.

It also made Mordred the result of an incestuous relationship between Arthur and his sister and established the role of Camelot, first mentioned in passing in Chrétien's Lancelot, as Arthur's primary court.

In 1951 Arthur C. Clarke mentioned the Vase as having been rescued by time travelers from the future just before the destruction of the Earth, in his science fiction short story " All the Time in the World.

Though the Round Table itself is not mentioned until Wace, the concept of Arthur having a marvellous court made up of many prominent warriors is much older.

Arthur Murray mentioned one form of Shag in his 1937 book " Let's Dance ".

Arthur is again mentioned as the victor at Mons Badonicus in another ostensibly early source, the Annales Cambriae.

That Arthur is not mentioned in the earliest source, Gildas, was noticed as early as the 12th century.

Huail's enmity with Arthur was apparently a popular subject: he is mentioned as an enemy of Arthur's in the Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen, written around 1100.

In The Book of Ceremonial Magic published by Arthur Edward Waite in 1911, Waite references a number of early works on magic which mention the bolline or sickle, saying " Among the necessary properties mentioned by the Book of True Black Magic are the sword, the staff, the rod, the lancet, the arctrave or hook, the bolline or sickle, the needle, the ponaird, a white-handled knife and another knife, with a black handle, used to describe the circle.

Arthur Berriedale Keith in “ The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads, Vol 2 ” has noted that Savitr is never mentioned as having part in the Soma sacrifice, " a fact which is doubtless fair evidence that the Rig veda did not know him as having a place in the rite, and that he was later brought in, perhaps because of his growing importance, perhaps as an Aditya.

* Pontius Pilate is mentioned in the drama The Crucible by Arthur Miller.

However, he is mentioned only twice in the text ; once in the extensive list of Arthur's court towards the beginning of the story, and again as one of the " Six Helpers " who Arthur sends with the protagonist Culhwch on his journey to find his love Olwen.

The following are real places which are clearly identifible in a text and which are mentioned in Arthurian legend and romance as being used by Arthur as a place to hold a court.

Arthur is mentioned towards the end of this poem, and a fragment of a story about the battle preserved in manuscript Peniarth 98B states that the battle had an alternate name, Cad Achren, which suggests a connection with the Caer Ochren raided by Arthur in the earlier poem Preiddeu Annwfn.

In addition to those mentioned above, others were conductors Daniel Barenboim, Leonard Bernstein, Eugen Jochum, Erich Kleiber, Serge Koussevitzky, Pierre Monteux, André Previn and Leopold Stokowski, and soloists Janet Baker, Dennis Brain, Alfred Brendel, Roberto Carnevale, Pablo Casals, Aldo Ciccolini, Clifford Curzon, Victoria de los Ángeles, Jacqueline du Pré, Kirsten Flagstad, Beniamino Gigli, Emil Gilels, Jascha Heifetz, Wilhelm Kempff, Fritz Kreisler, Julian Lloyd Webber, Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, David Oistrakh, Luciano Pavarotti, Maurizio Pollini, Leontyne Price, Arthur Rubinstein, Elisabeth Schumann, Rudolf Serkin, Joan Sutherland, Richard Tauber and Eva Turner.

The character Heiji Hattori also mentioned that he prefers Ellery Queen to Arthur Conan Doyle in volume 12.

The first time Catherine publicly claimed that her marriage to Arthur had not been consummated was when Henry sought the annulment ; the subject had not been mentioned earlier, and it is possible that Catherine lied to protect her reputation, her marriage to Henry, and the rights of her daughter, Mary.

The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer mentioned Schadenfreude as the most evil sin of human feeling, famously saying " To feel envy is human, to savor schadenfreude is devilish.

According to Arthur Conan Doyle, most British Spiritualists of the early 20th century were indifferent to the doctrine of reincarnation, few supported it, while a significant minority were opposed, since it had never been mentioned by spirits contacted in séances.

Mare Serenitatis is also mentioned in Arthur C. Clarke's The Sentinel.

The Coalsack is mentioned in the Star Trek: The Original Series episodes " The Immunity Syndrome " and " Let That Be Your Last Battlefield ", as well as " 2001: A Space Odyssey " by Arthur C. Clarke.