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Article 4 asserts the equality of all citizens, rejecting the notion of privileged political classes or hereditary offices-another criticism of British institutions such as the House of Lords and the privileges of the peerage: " no set of men, are entitled to exclusive or separate emoluments or privileges from the community, but in consideration of public services ; which, not being descendible, neither ought the offices of magistrate, legislator, or judge be hereditary.
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Article and 4
Article 4, general undertakings
St Thomas Aquinas in the Summa Theologica, II: II Quaestio 25, Article 4 states that we should love our neighbour more than our ourselves.
* Article 4 – The treaty does not recognize, dispute, nor establish territorial sovereignty claims ; no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force ;
The definition of the term disposal is made in Article 2 al 4 and just refers to annex IV, which gives a list of operations which are understood as disposal or recovery.
Article 4 of the Basel Convention calls for an overall reduction of waste generation.
Article 2 Item 4 of Law Number 26, October 15, 1997, of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia grants " al dialetto sassarese e a quello gallurese " equal legal status with the other languages on Sardinia.
Article 4 prohibits slavery, servitude and forced labour but exempts labour:
Article 4 also states that these duties can be delegated by the Emperor as provided for by law.
:: Example 4 ( parliamentary republic ): Article 67 of the Iraqi constitution of 2005 states:
:: Example 8 ( semi-presidential republic ): Chapter 4, Article 80, Section 1-2 of the Constitution of Russia states:
:: Example 3 ( semi-presidential republic ): Chapter 4, Article 86, Section 4 of the Constitution of Russia states:
:: Example 4 ( single party republic ): Section 2, Article 81 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China states:
:: Example 4 ( parliamentary republic ): According to Article 53 ( 1 ) of the Constitution of India:
:: Example 6 ( semi-presidential republic ): Under Chapter 4, Article 80, Section 3 of the Constitution of Russia:
:: Example 4 ( presidential republic ): Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution states:
:: Example 6 ( semi-presidential republic ): According to Chapter 4, Article 87, Section 1 of the Constitution of Russia:
:: Example 3 ( semi-presidential republic ): According to Chapter 4, Article 84 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation:
:: Example 4 ( parliamentary republic ): Title II, Chapter I, Article 130 of the Constitution of Portugal states:
In 1921, the Zionist Commission was granted official status as the Jewish Agency for Palestine in Article 4 of the Mandate.
Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of China originally stated that " he territory of the Republic of China within its existing national boundaries shall not be altered except by a resolution of the National Assembly ", although recent constitutional changes have moved this power to that of a national referendum.
Article 22 was written two months before the signing of the peace treaty, before it was known what " communities ", " peoples ", or " territories " were related to sub-paragraphs 4, 5, and 6.
At the end of the First World War, a class “ A ” Mandate for Palestine was entrusted to Great Britain by the League of Nations, pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article 22 of the Covenant ...
Article 11 reflected the contemporary Stimson Doctrine, and it is now a fundamental part of international law through article 2 paragraph 4 of the Charter of the United Nations.
:: Article 2 ( 4 ) of the United Nations Charter ;
Article and asserts
The Belgic Confession, used in Reformed churches, devotes a section ( Article 6 ) to " The difference between the canonical and apocryphal books " and asserts that " All which the Church may read and take instruction from, so far as they agree with the canonical books ; but they are far from having such power and efficacy as that we may from their testimony confirm any point of faith or of the Christian religion ; much less to detract from the authority of the other sacred books.
Crain asserts that he " is not subject to the jurisdiction, taxation, nor regulation of the state ," that the " Internal Revenue Service, Incorporated " lacks authority to exercise the judicial power of the United States, that the Tax Court is unconstitutionally attempting to exercise Article III powers, and that jurisdiction over his person has never been affirmatively proven.
He considered Article 7 of the constitution, which asserts freedom of speech, of more importance than Article 1, which forbids discrimination on the basis of religion, life principles, political inclination, race, or sexual preference.
The constitution asserts that the Emperor is merely a symbol and that he derives " his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power " ( Article 1 ).
Individual rights under the Japanese constitution are rooted in Article 13 where the constitution asserts the right of the people " to be respected as individuals " and, subject to " the public welfare ", to " life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
* Duties: The constitution asserts the duty of Japanese subjects to uphold the constitution ( preamble ), pay taxes ( Article 21 ) and serve in the armed forces if conscripted ( Article 20 ).
In its introductory provisions, the document not only places a high value on democracy but also asserts the right of defense against attempts by force to encroach upon or overthrow " state independence, territorial integrity, or the constitutional system " ( Article 3 ).
Article 374 of the Honduras Constitution asserts this unmodifiability, stating, " It is not possible to reform, in any case, the preceding article, the present article, the constitutional articles referring to the form of government, to the national territory, to the presidential period, the prohibition to serve again as President of the Republic, the citizen who has performed under any title in consequence of which she / he cannot be President of the Republic in the subsequent period.
Article and equality
The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations.
* Equality: The constitution guarantees equality before the law and outlaws discrimination based on " political, economic or social relations " or " race, creed, sex, social status or family origin " ( Article 14 ).
Although Article 16 of the 1996 amended constitution, see the above referendum, reaffirms the equality of religions and denominations before the law, it also contains restrictive language that stipulated that cooperation between the state and religious organizations " is regulated with regard for their influence on the formation of spiritual, cultural, and country traditions of the Belarusian people.
In contrast, Article 26 contains a revolutionary norm by providing an autonomous equality principle which is not dependant upon another right under the convention being infringed.
; Principle of equality: Article 3 constitutes a guarantee of legal equality between Māori and other citizens of New Zealand.
In a formal protest lodged on 9 December, Grey declared that " while the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty left the United States free to build and protect the canal, it expressly maintained the principle of Article VIII of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850, guaranteeing to England the use of the canal on a complete equality with the United States of America.
According to India's constitution, sexual harassment infringes the fundamental right of a woman to gender equality under Article 14 of the Constitution of India and her right to life and live with dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution.
* Chapter 6, Article 120, section c of the Constitution of Bahrain prohibits "... an amendment to Article 2 Religion, Shari ' a, Official Language of this Constitution, and it is not permissible under any circumstances to propose the amendment of the constitutional monarchy and the principle of inherited rule in Bahrain, as well as the bicameral system and the principles of freedom and equality established in this Constitution.
Japan proposed the inclusion of a " racial equality clause " in the Covenant of the League of Nations on 13 February as an amendment to Article 21:
Those Article 2 values are " respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities.
Article 3 states that freedom, equal rights, national equality and equality of genders, love of peace, social justice, respect for human rights, inviolability of ownership, conservation of nature and the environment, the rule of law, and a democratic multiparty system are the highest values of the constitutional order of the Republic of Croatia and the ground for interpretation of the Constitution.
In line with their commitment to equality, the DAP originally campaigned against Bumiputra privileges, such as those afforded to them by Article 153 of the Constitution.
Article 46 emphasized the values of equality of opportunity and assurances to public services.
Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to a fair trial ; an ' implied ' right stemming from this is that of ' equality of arms ' – the idea that hearings should be adversarial and both parties should have access to the same evidence and witnesses.
* equality before the law ( Article 12 ), guaranteeing the equality of all without regard to " gender, sect, opinion, belief, nationality, religion, or origin ";
) On November 5, 1999 the United Nations Human Rights Committee condemned Canada and Ontario for having violated the equality provisions ( Article 26 ) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Article 9 establishes the equality of national citizens and citizenship of the European Union.
The 1815 treaty of the Congress of Vienna had authorized — and Article 14 of the German Confederation's Bundesakt ( charter ) recognized — retention from the German Imperial regime of equality of birth for marital purposes of mediatized families ( called Standesherren ) to reigning dynasties.
They consider this code to contradict the legal equality between women and men proclaimed in Article 29 of the Algerian constitution, institutionalizing what they call second-class citizenship for women and leading to discrimination and injustices against them.
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