However, Marx famously asserted in the eleventh of his Theses on Feuerbach that " philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways ; the point however is to change it ", and he clearly dedicated himself to trying to alter the world.

From 1941 to 1947, the USO presented more than 400, 000 performances, featuring entertainers such as Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Frank Sinatra, Marlene Dietrich, Hattie McDaniel, Eubie Blake, Ann Sheridan, Laurel and Hardy, The Marx Brothers, Jack Benny, Larry Adler, Ossy Renardy, Zero Mostel, James Cagney, James Stewart, Gary Cooper, Doraine and Ellis, Lena Horne, Danny Kaye, The Rockettes, Al Jolson, Fred Astaire, Curly Joe DeRita, The Andrews Sisters, Joe E. Brown, Joe E. Lewis, Ray Bolger, Lucille Ball, Glenn Miller, Martha Raye, Mickey Rooney, Betty Hutton, Dinah Shore, and most famously, Bob Hope.

When Marx famously stated in his Theses on Feuerbach that " philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways ; the point is to change it ", his real idea was that philosophy's only validity was in how it informed action.

The Rheinische Zeitung (" Rhenish Newspaper ") was a 19th-century German newspaper, edited most famously by Karl Marx.

Marxist philosophy, on the other hand, is famously atheistic, although some Marxist scholars, both Christian and non-Christian, have insisted that Marxist philosophy and the philosophy of Marx and Engels are significantly different from one another and that this difference needs recognition.

In his 1844 Paris Manuscripts, Karl Marx famously defined humans as " creatures of need " or " needy creatures " who experienced suffering in the process of learning and working to meet their needs.

In the 1935 Marx Brothers ' film A Night at the Opera, Groucho Marx famously quipped, " You're willing to pay him a thousand dollars a night just for singing?

Marx wrote famously that in bourgeois society, " each individual possesses social power in the form of a thing "-the individual " carries his social power, as well as his bond with society, in his pocket.

This scene has been duplicated many times, most famously in the Marx Brothers film Duck Soup.

In Materialism and Empiriocriticism ( 1908 ), Lenin explained dialectical materialism as three axes: ( i ) the materialist inversion of Hegelian dialectics, ( ii ) the historicity of ethical principles ordered to class struggle, and ( iii ) the convergence of " laws of evolution " in physics ( Helmholtz ), biology ( Darwin ), and in political economy ( Marx ).

Karl Marx explained the philosophic concepts underlying commodity fetishism thus:

But Marx also criticized Feuerbach for being insufficiently materialistic, as Stirner himself had pointed out, and explained that the alienation described by the Young Hegelians was in fact the result of the structure of the economy itself.

Avakian's basic thesis contends that while Marx has scientifically explained how the basic contradictions of capitalist society will give rise, again and again, to the most horrid conditions, and that while these contradictions and horrors can only be resolved through revolution and communism, this resolution is not inevitable.

Less pithily Marx and Engels explained their position to the party leaders:

This view of the matter, according to Marx, explained precisely why the concept of the social surplus product had vanished from official economic theory in the mid-19th century – after all, this concept raised the difficult political and juridical question of what entitles some to appropriate the labour and products of others.

* Marx considered that the laws of motion of the capitalist production system could not be understood simply in terms of the interplay between supply and demand in the marketplace-what had to be explained were the aggregate or overall results of that interplay, and the social forms of the relationships of production and exchange.

" in which he dealt with the debate between Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin at the First International and afterwards he suggested that " Libertarian marxism rejects determinism and fatalism, giving the greator place to individual will, intuition, imagination, reflex speeds, and to the deep instincts of the masses, which are more far-seeing in hours of crisis than the reasonings of the ‘ elites ’; libertarian marxism thinks of the effects of surprise, provocation and boldness, refuses to be cluttered and paralysed by a heavy ‘ scientific ’ apparatus, doesn ’ t equivocate or bluff, and guards itself from adventurism as much as from fear of the unknown.

However, on May 11, 1933, the Marx Brothers ' father Sam " Frenchie " Marx died in Los Angeles of a heart attack, and shortly afterwards, the contract dispute with Paramount was settled.

Marx then argues that labour viewed concretely in its specifics creates useful things, but labour-in-the-abstract is value-forming labour, which conserves, transfers and / or creates economic value ( see Valorisation ).

By " ideology ", Marx and Engels meant ideas that reflect the interests of a particular class at a particular time in history, but which contemporaries see as universal and eternal.

On one hand, Marx, in the 19th century's deepest critique of the dehumanising aspects of this system, noted that defining features of capitalism include alienation, exploitation, and recurring, cyclical depressions leading to mass unemployment ; on the other hand capitalism is also characterised by " revolutionizing, industrializing and universalizing qualities of development, growth and progressivity " ( by which Marx meant industrialisation, urbanisation, technological progress, increased productivity and growth, rationality and scientific revolution ), that are responsible for progress.

This has led to all sorts of arguments over what both David Ricardo and Karl Marx " really meant ".

Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (; Capital: Critique of Political Economy ), by Karl Marx, is a critical analysis of capitalism as political economy, meant to reveal the economic laws of the capitalist mode of production, and how it is the precursor of the socialist mode of production.

Rooksby wrote that Marx favored the position described in the phrase " from each according to his ability, to each according to his need ", and argued that this did not imply strict equality of things, but that it meant that people required " different things in different proportions in order to flourish.

Some critics have claimed that meant that Marx enforced a strict social determinism which destroyed the possibility of free will.

Since these " laws " are the result of the collective actions of individuals, and are thus created by society, Marx and Lukács reasoned that this necessarily meant that they could be changed.

Basically Marx and Engels meant the sum total of social relationships which people necessarily have to enter into, in order to survive, to produce and reproduce their means of life.

Marx replied that the very idea of " overpopulation " was an anti-human ideological fiction, since it really meant " overpopulation " only relative to the requirements of capital accumulation.

This was, according to Marx, the " revolutionary " aspect of the capitalist mode of production, and it meant a very large increase in the surplus product created by human labour.

According to Marx, the basic meaning of crises for capitalists was, that they could not longer invest their capital at an adequate profit income, which usually meant also that their capital lost part of its value.

It meant just that commodity trade was very ancient, emerging at first-as Marx noted-in the interstices of traditional agrarian societies, as an ancillary economic activity.

What Marx really meant by the " transformation " was, that the direct regulation of the exchange-value of commodities according to their labour-value is, in a capitalist mode of production, transformed into the regulation of the exchange of commodities by their production prices-reflecting the fact, that the supply of commodities in capitalist society has become conditional on the accumulation of capital, and therefore on profit margins (" no profit, no sale ").

The ideology of " Marxism " was formed already long before all the facts and all the texts became available, which meant that Marx the man, his life and his work were frequently interpreted in a false way.

Karl Marx provided no substantive theory of opportunism ; insofar as he used the term, he meant a tactic of convenience or expediency used for self-serving motives, involving some or other kind of political, economic or intellectual trick.

Marx himself considered that all economising reduced to the economical use of human labour-time ; " to economise " ultimately meant saving on human energy and effort.

These never ceased to suggest that if, in the eyes of Marx and Lenin `` full communism '' was still a very distant ideal, the establishment of a Communist society had now, under Khrushchev, become an `` immediate and tangible reality ''.

Marx said, " Our newspaper has to be presented to the police to be sniffed at, and if the police nose smells anything un-Christian or un-Prussian, the newspaper is not allowed to appear.

Marx believed that if the proletariat were to seize the means of production, they would encourage social relations that would benefit everyone equally, abolishing exploiting class, and introduce a system of production less vulnerable to cyclical crises.

After the French party split into a reformist and revolutionary party, some accused Guesde ( leader of the latter ) of taking orders from Marx ; Marx remarked to Lafargue, " What is certain to me is if this is Marxism, then I myself am not Marxist " ( in a letter to Engels, Marx later accused Guesde of being a " Bakuninist ").

The latter has also come true ; as in the developed world, through liberal reforms, trade unions won many concessions, improving the situation of the workers ( something that Marx considered very unlikely ); in the more populated parts of the world such as Africa, India, and China the populations continue to grow and all the industry is moving there if it has not already established itself in the last two decades.

" Hunt largely exonerates Engels stating that " in no intelligible sense can Engels or Marx bear culpability for the crimes of historical actors carried out generations later, even if the policies were offered up in their honor.

And while in his extensive correspondence with German socialists Engels modestly presented his own secondary place in the couple's intellectual relationship and always emphasized Marx ' outstanding role, Russian communists like Lenin raised Engels up with Marx and conflated their thoughts as if they were necessarily congruous.

And it sets you thinking what difference, if any, it would have made if Jesus Christ, or Karl Marx or Charles Darwin had never been.

In a well-known letter to Arnold Ruge, Karl Marx wrote: " if constructing the future and settling everything for all times are not our affair, it is all the more clear what we have to accomplish at present: I am referring to ruthless criticism of all that exists, ruthless both in the sense of not being afraid of the results it arrives at and in the sense of being just as little afraid of conflict with the powers that be.

Double entendres are very common in the titles and lyrics of pop songs, such as " If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me " by The Bellamy Brothers, which is based on an old Groucho Marx quote, where the person being talked to is asked, by one interpretation if they would be offended, and by the other, if they would press their body against the person doing the talking.

Deutscher was still a committed Trotskyist, but in the book Deutscher gave Stalin what he saw as his due for building a form of socialism in the Soviet Union, even if it was, in Deutscher's view, a perversion of the vision of Marx, Lenin and Trotsky.

Determined that her Marx Brothers references be respected, she ends the sequences of references by offering to pay Toby $ 500 if he'll sing " Lydia the Tattooed Lady " ( a song sung by J. Cheever Loophole ( Groucho ) in " At the Circus ").

' This intertwining, conceived as a movement of commodities and of money, enabled Marx to work out at least the essential elements, if not the definitive form of a coherent theory of the trade cycle, based upon the inevitability of periodic disequilibrium between supply and demand under the capitalist mode of production ( Mandel, 1978, Intro to Vol.

Marx does say that ' an association of momentary expedience ' is permissible if, and only if, ' an enemy has to be fought directly ' - though this is not an excuse for a long term alliance, since emergency alliances will arise satisfactorily when needed.

Such were the political-economy arguments of the economists whom Karl Marx criticized when they spoke of the " natural equilibria " of markets, as if the price ( value ) of a commodity were independent of the volition and initiative of the capitalist producers, buyers, and sellers of commodities.

During the " contract scene " in the Marx Brothers ' A Night at the Opera ( 1935 ), Groucho asks Chico if he knows what " duplicates " are.

Marx also criticized the way land value tax theory emphasizes the value of land, arguing that, " His fundamental dogma is that everything would be all right if ground rent were paid to the state.

However, even if it is common to hear that, there is no consensus on the issue — some philosophers, such as Marx, Sartre, and Barthes, do consider that philosophy is historical, i. e. in step with society, a superstructure of it.