Rebuffed by Tarrasch, Lasker challenged the reigning World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz to a match for the title.

After the match some commentators, notably Tarrasch, said Lasker had won mainly because Steinitz was old ( 58 in 1894 ).

The 22-year-old Pillsbury became a celebrity in the United States and abroad by winning the tournament, finishing ahead of reigning world champion Emanuel Lasker, former world champion Wilhelm Steinitz, recent challengers Mikhail Chigorin and Isidor Gunsberg, and future challengers Siegbert Tarrasch, Carl Schlechter and Dawid Janowski.

His next major tournament was in Saint Petersburg the same year, a six-round round-robin tournament between four of the top five finishers at Hastings ( Pillsbury, Chigorin, Lasker and Steinitz ; Tarrasch did not play ).

Pillsbury also had an even score against Steinitz (+ 5 − 5 = 3 ), but a slight minus against Chigorin (+ 7 − 8 = 6 ), Tarrasch (+ 5 − 6 = 2 ) and against Joseph Henry Blackburne (+ 3 − 5 = 4 ), while he beat David Janowski (+ 6 − 4 = 2 ) and Géza Maróczy (+ 4 − 3 = 7 ) and had a significant edge over Carl Schlechter (+ 8 − 2 = 9 ).

In all likelihood, his best performance occurred at the Hastings 1895 chess tournament, where he placed second, ahead of reigning world champion Emanuel Lasker, Tarrasch and former world champion Steinitz.

He rejected many of the inflexible doctrines put forward by Tarrasch and Steinitz, but accepted Steinitz ' teachings about the soundness of the defensive centre.

He also achieved 2nd place in: a strong mini-tournament in London 1872 ( behind Steinitz but ahead of Zukertort ), George Alcock MacDonnell and De Vere ; shared 2nd place at Hamburg 1885 ( with Siegbert Tarrasch, James Mason, Berthold Englisch and Max Weiss ; behind Isidor Gunsberg ; ahead of George Henry Mackenzie and five others ); shared 2nd place at Frankfurt 1887 ( with Weiss ; behind Mackenzie ; ahead of Curt von Bardeleben, Tarrasch and several others ).

Soon afterwards, in St. Petersburg in 1893, Tarrasch drew a hard-fought match against Steinitz ' challenger Mikhail Chigorin (+ 9-9 = 4 ) after leading most of the way.

Seated: Beniamino Vergani | Vergani, Wilhelm Steinitz | Steinitz, Mikhail Chigorin | Chigorin, Emmanuel Lasker | Lasker, Harry Nelson Pillsbury | Pillsbury, Siegbert Tarrasch | Tarrasch, Jacques Mieses | Mieses, Richard Teichmann | Teichmann.

In practice, hypermodernism has not replaced the classical theory of Steinitz and Tarrasch.

Almost all the top players of the century played there at some stage, including Wilhelm Steinitz, Paul Morphy, Emmanuel Lasker, Johannes Zukertort ( who had a fatal stroke while playing there ), and Siegbert Tarrasch.

Burn's greatest tournament results were equal first at London 1887 with Isidor Gunsberg ( ahead of Joseph Henry Blackburne and Johannes Zukertort ), first at Amsterdam 1889 ( ahead of a young Emanuel Lasker ), second at Breslau 1889 ( behind Siegbert Tarrasch ), and first at Cologne 1898 ( ahead of Rudolf Charousek, Mikhail Chigorin, Carl Schlechter, David Janowski, and Steinitz ).

Although many other masters, after the teachings of Wilhelm Steinitz, rejected the Tarrasch Defense out of hand because of the pawn weakness, Tarrasch continued to play his opening while rejecting other variations of the Queen's Gambit, even to the point of putting question marks on routine moves in all variations except the Tarrasch ( which he awarded an exclamation mark ) in his book Die moderne Schachpartie.

The second Tarrasch Trap occurs in the Steinitz Variation.

Some of his games do not look modern because he did not need the sort of slow positional systems that modern grandmasters use, or that Staunton, Paulsen, and later Steinitz developed.

Steinitz was the first player who in his play demonstrated a mastery of positional chess ideas and the ideas he developed came to be known as the " Classical " or " Modern " school of thought.

... was also a great and profound chess thinker second only to Steinitz, and his works – Die Blockade, My System and Chess Praxis – established his reputation as one of the father figures of modern chess.

* August 12 – Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian-born chess player ( b. 1836 )

Subsequently, the chess world has seen two " champions ": the " classical " championship, claiming lineage dating back to Steinitz ; and the FIDE endorsed champion.

Wilhelm ( later William ) Steinitz ( Prague, May 17, 1836 – August 12, 1900 ) was an Austrian and then American chess player and the first undisputed world chess champion from 1886 to 1894.

As author Will Hartson wrote in his chess historical, Steinitz was unbeaten in over 25 years of match play.

Steinitz was also a prolific writer on chess, and defended his new ideas vigorously.

Isidor Arthur Gunsberg ( November 2, 1854 – May 2, 1930 ) was a chess player, best known for narrowly losing the 1891 World Chess Championship match to Wilhelm Steinitz.

* William Steinitz ( 1836 – 1900 ), world chess champion

Zukertort's win in the London 1883 chess tournament was his most significant success: he won his games against most of the world's leading players, scoring 22 / 26, and he finished 3 points ahead of Steinitz, who was second with 19 / 26.

But he had negative scores against the world chess champions: Wilhelm Steinitz (+ 1 − 2 = 1 ), Emanuel Lasker (+ 1 − 4 = 2 ), José Raúl Capablanca (+ 0 − 3 = 5 ) and Alexander Alekhine (+ 0 − 6 = 5 ); except for Max Euwe whom he beat (+ 4 − 3 = 15 ).

His best performance came in the London tournament of 1862 where he came 5th with 9 points, ahead of Wilhelm Steinitz who later went on to become the first official world chess champion.

Blackburne's contemporary Wilhelm Steinitz dominated chess in the 1870s and 1880s

Less than two years after learning the moves, Blackburne entered the 1862 London International Tournament ( the world's first chess round-robin or all-play-all tournament ) and defeated Wilhelm Steinitz in their individual game, although Blackburne finished in 9th place.

It featured challenges on the chess ideologies presented by central European masters, such as on Wilhelm Steinitz ’ s approach to the centre.

This orthodoxy was a rather dogmatic distillation of the ideas worked out by the great chess pioneer Wilhelm Steinitz.

He later took chess lessons from future World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz in London, and, like his teacher, became known for his superior defensive ability.

Other early masters of blindfold chess were Louis Paulsen, Joseph Henry Blackburne ( he played up to 16 simultaneous blindfold games ) and the first world champion Wilhelm Steinitz, who played in Dundee, in 1867, six simultaneous blindfold games ( three wins, three draws ).

Winawer's best result was a first place tie with Steinitz at Vienna 1882, in what was the strongest chess tournament in history up to that time.

The first known chess game involving the St. George was a simultaneous game between an English amateur J. Baker and the first official World Chess Champion Wilhelm Steinitz on 11 December 1868.

* Wilhelm Steinitz, the first undisputed world chess champion, was hospitalized with mental illness possibly caused by syphilis, and died there on August 12, 1900.

of Algebraische Theorie der Körper by Ernst Steinitz, together with Reinhold Baer, with a new appendix on Galois theory.

Although Steinitz became " world number one " by winning in the all-out attacking style that was common in the 1860s, he unveiled in 1873 a new positional style of play and demonstrated that it was superior to the previous style.

His other weakness was that, while no one had greater attacking flair, Zukertort never approached Steinitz ' understanding of positional play, and Steinitz often outmaneuvered him fairly simply.

The Romantic style was effectively ended on the highest level by Wilhelm Steinitz, who, with his more positional approach, crushed all of his contemporaries and ushered in the modern age of chess.