Coma may result from a variety of conditions, including intoxication ( such as drug abuse, overdose or misuse of over the counter medications, prescribed medication, or controlled substances ), metabolic abnormalities, central nervous system diseases, acute neurologic injuries such as strokes or herniations, hypoxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia or traumatic injuries such as head trauma caused by falls or vehicle collisions.

# Chemical stability: CSF flows throughout the inner ventricular system in the brain and is absorbed back into the bloodstream, rinsing the metabolic waste from the central nervous system through the blood – brain barrier.

In addition to respiratory failure and accidents caused by effects on the central nervous system, alcohol causes significant metabolic derangements.

Mitochondria play a central role in many other metabolic tasks, such as:

Many components of metabolic syndrome are associated with a sedentary lifestyle, including increased adipose tissue ( predominantly central ); reduced HDL cholesterol ; and a trend toward increased triglycerides, blood pressure, and glucose in the genetically susceptible.

Many of these alleles produce little or no PAH, as a result of which the substrate phenylalanine and its metabolic byproducts accumulate in the central nervous system and can cause severe mental retardation if untreated.

The nine key IC systems are ( alphabetically ): cardiovascular system, central nervous system, endocrine system, gastro-intestinal tract ( and nutritional condition ), hematology, microbiology ( including sepsis status ), peripheries ( and skin ), renal ( and metabolic ), respiratory system.

In animals, the most important carbohydrate is glucose ; the level of glucose is used as the main control for the central metabolic hormone, insulin.

Peripheral regulation is therefore dependent on the localised metabolic chemical conditions of the local muscle affected, whereas the central model of muscle fatigue is an integrated mechanism that works to preserve the integrity of the system by initiating muscle fatigue through muscle derecruitment, based on collective feedback from the periphery, before cellular or organ failure occurs.

Treatment begins with intravenous or intramuscular injection of thiamine, followed by assessment of central nervous system and metabolic conditions.

Adverse reactions include rash, abnormal liver function tests, hepatitis, sideroblastic anemia, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, peripheral neuropathy, mild central nervous system ( CNS ) effects, drug interactions resulting in increased phenytoin ( Dilantin ) or disulfiram ( Antabuse ) levels, intractable seizures ( status epilepticus ) and drug-induced lupus erythematosus.

* Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance-it is one of the defined components of metabolic syndrome ( along with central obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia )

* Acquired combined hyperlipidemia is extremely common in patients who suffer from other diseases from the metabolic syndrome (" syndrome X ", incorporating diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, central obesity and CH ).

Walker cuts the problem down to the barest elements, modeling the human body as a " rubber bag ", where one can ignore many small variables such as food type, frequency, metabolic rates and even exercise as not greatly important to the central problem.

# Exclusion of metabolic, gastrointestinal or central nervous system structural or biochemical disease e. g. individuals with specific physical causes ( e. g. intestinal malrotation )

The animal model used by Covian's group was the selective ingestion of water versus salt water in albino Norwegian rats, which they investigated with many approaches and tools, such as after lesions and stimulations of the central nervous system, measurement of metabolic activity, manipulation of the activity of the endocrine system, the effect of several kinds of drugs, etc.

By the mid-1980s the central ideas of metabolic control analysis laid out in this paper were becoming far more widely accepted.

He also expanded and modernized the radio system with a central control station.

Two hundred years later western and central Anatolia came under Roman control, but it continued to be strongly influenced by Hellenistic culture.

The UIS will have individual miniature-computer terminals, central control points for the flood of information, and communication channels incorporating thousands of artificial communications from satellites, cables, and laser lines.

The federal government exercises control over the central government and is divided into three independent branches: executive, legislative and judicial.

The text of Genesis-Numbers leaves no doubt as to the central concern of the priests: the cult of Yahweh was to be under the control of " Aaron and his sons " forever, and to the exclusion of all other priestly lines ( such as Korah, Dathan and Abiram, who meet terrible fates in Numbers 16-17 for challenging Aaron, but also the lines of David's priests Abiathar and Zadok, as well as the low-level Levites ).

By the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was driven out of Hungary, and Austria brought the empire under central control.

In most cases, a central bank has monopoly control over emission of coins and banknotes ( fiat money ) for its own area of circulation ( a country or group of countries ); it regulates the production of currency by banks ( credit ) through monetary policy.

In cases where a country does have control of its own currency, that control is exercised either by a central bank or by a Ministry of Finance.

; Goal independence: The central bank has the right to set its own policy goals, whether inflation targeting, control of the money supply, or maintaining a fixed exchange rate.

After Sun's death from cancer in 1925, one of his protégés, Chiang Kai-shek, seized control of the Kuomintang ( Nationalist Party or KMT ) and succeeded in bringing most of south and central China under its rule in a military campaign known as the Northern Expedition ( 1926 – 1927 ).

In a general sense a control unit ( CU ) is a central ( or sometimes distributed but clearly distinguishable

Chiang opposed Li's plan of defense because it would have placed most of the troops still loyal to Chiang under the control of Li and Chiang's other opponents in the central government.

Both of these factors favor rebels, as a population dispersed outward toward the borders is harder to control than one concentrated in a central region, while mountains offer terrain where rebels can seek sanctuary.

The conquest of vast territories brings multitudes of diverse cultures under the central control of the imperial authorities.

This was the central view of the Maritime Rights Movement of the 1920s, which advocated greater local control over the region's finances.

Several Soviet Socialist Republics began resisting central control, and increasing democratization led to a weakening of the central government.

The elimination of central control over production decisions, especially in the consumer goods sector, led to the breakdown in traditional supplier − producer relationships without contributing to the formation of new ones.

This system though is not very reliable and lacks discipline, the high number of public cars that transit the roads, and the fact that they do not lend itself to regulation or central control, which causes frequent transit problems among city roads.

Nonetheless, the LDDC was central to a remarkable transformation in the area, although how far it was in control of events is debatable.

In Taiwan in the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century a movement tried to prioritize reasoning over mere facts, reduce the emphasis on central control and standardized testing.

The system has no central servers and is not subject to the control of any one individual or organization, including the designers of Freenet.

Rail fins evolved into being and surged into popularity as riders ( Simon Anderson, most famously ) sought a solution to two major performance issues of a central " single " fin-both related to engagement of the foil: For one, a centrally-mounted fin is tilted up out of the water as the board is leaned over, and thus it loses more and more of its lift as the lean angle increases-if the lean angle is acute enough, the fin's tip can be the only area left in the water ; the tip may then rapidly stall and, having lost its lift, become disengaged from the water, leaving the board's bottom as the only control surface still operating.

People and lands were increasingly beyond central control and taxation, a de facto return to conditions before the Taika Reform.

Although the mechanism differs from country to country, most use a similar mechanism based on a central bank's ability to create as much fiat money as required.

For example, it has been suggested that the central mechanism for consolidation of declarative memory during sleep is the reactivation of hippocampal memory representations.

This mechanism has made the DNS distributed and fault tolerant and has helped avoid the need for a single central register to be continually consulted and updated.

Thus, a central conclusion of Keynesian economics is that, in some situations, no strong automatic mechanism moves output and employment towards full employment levels.

Leon Trotsky argued that central planners would not be able to respond effectively to local changes in the economy because they operate without meaningful input and participation by the millions of economic actors in the economy, and would therefore be an ineffective mechanism for coordinating economic activity.

A central phenomenon in this regard is that of feedback loops, which suggest a mechanism for creating hypnotic phenomena.

PGP, in addition to being a certificate authority structure, has used a scheme generally called the " web of trust ", which decentralizes such authentication of public keys by a central mechanism, and substitutes individual endorsements of the link between user and public key.

The PLO has no central decision-making or mechanism that enables it to directly control its factions, but they are supposed to follow the PLO charter and Executive Committee decisions.

For example, if the user dials " 6 " on a North American phone, electrical contacts wired through the cam mechanism inside the phone will open and close six times as the dial returns to home position, thus sending six pulses to the central office.

Lange and Fred M. Taylor proposed that central planning boards set prices through " trial and error ", making adjustments as shortages and surpluses occurred rather than relying on a free price mechanism.

* Webclamps clamp the webbing in the event of an accident and limit the distance the webbing can spool out ( caused by the unused webbing tightening on the central drum of the mechanism ).

Memory bounds were maintained in a similar manner as central memory — with an RA / FL mechanism maintained by the operating system.

Theories of the balance of power gained prominence again during the Cold War, being a central mechanism of Kenneth Waltz's Neorealism.

On the first floor the gatehouse was divided into three rooms, with the central one controlling the portcullis mechanism.

In 1991, with the rediscovery of the magnetorotational instability ( MRI ), S. A. Balbus and J. F. Hawley established that a weakly magnetized disc accreting around a heavy, compact central object would be highly unstable, providing a direct mechanism for angular-momentum redistribution.

Boyd emphasized that this decision cycle is the central mechanism enabling adaptation ( apart from natural selection ) and is therefore critical to survival.

Integrating these two concepts, he stated that the decision cycle was the central mechanism of adaptation ( in a social context ) and that increasing one's own rate and accuracy of assessment vis-a-vis one's counterpart's rate and accuracy of assessment provides a substantial advantage in war or other forms of competition.

People who are diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder use splitting as a central defense mechanism.

The available text says that inside the vessel was a central column that could move along eight tracks ; this is thought to refer to a pendulum, though it is not known exactly how this was linked to a mechanism that would open only one dragon's mouth.

The S < sub > N </ sub > 1 mechanism tends to dominate when the central carbon atom is surrounded by bulky groups because such groups sterically hinder the S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reaction.

These tall, hexagonal, cast-iron boxes were painted red and had large gas lanterns fixed to the roof, as well as a mechanism which enabled the central police station to light the lanterns as signals to police officers in the vicinity to call the station for instructions.

Institutions are also a central concern for law, the formal mechanism for political rule-making and enforcement.

A central mechanism within the social act, which enables perspective taking, is position exchange.