* 1916 – Ernst Mach, Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher ( b. 1838 )

* 1834 – Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist and philosopher ( d. 1919 )

* 1885 – Ernst Bloch, German philosopher ( d. 1977 )

* 1837 – Ernst Laas, German philosopher ( d. 1885 )

* 1874 – Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher ( d. 1945 )

The German philosopher Ernst Bloch attempted to reveal what he considered the hidden metaphysical meaning of Marx's thought, which Leszek Kołakowski summarizes as, " a picture of the world tending towards a universal synthesis of all forces and factors, not only social phenomena but the cosmos as a whole.

As a philosopher of science Ernst Mach was a major influence on logical positivism, and through his criticism of Isaac Newton, a forerunner of Einstein's theory of relativity.

* 1805 – Peter Ernst von Lasaulx, German philosopher and writer ( d. 1861 )

* Ernst Mach ( 1838-1916 ), Czech-Austrian physicist and philosopher

The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret.

German philosopher Ernst Cassirer ( 1946 ) held that Machiavelli simply adopts the stance of a political scientist — a Galileo of politics — in distinguishing between the " facts " of political life and the " values " of moral judgment.

* 1879 – Ernst Mally, Austrian philosopher ( d. 1944 )

* February 19 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher ( b. 1838 )

* February 18 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher ( d. 1916 )

* February 16 – Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist and philosopher ( d. 1919 )

The highpoint of the German University was the era preceding the First World War, when it was home to world-renowned scientists such as physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, Moritz Winternitz, Albert Einstein.

Ernst Mach () ( February 18, 1838 – February 19, 1916 ) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as the Mach number and the study of shock waves.

Ludwigshafen is the birthplace of the former German chancellor Helmut Kohl and the philosopher Ernst Bloch.

In 1809 Arthur Schopenhauer, the German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation, became a student at the university, where he studied metaphysics and psychology under Gottlob Ernst Schulze, who advised him to concentrate on Plato and Kant.

In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle ( or Mach's conjecture ) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach.

Lamarckism also appealed to those, like the philosopher Herbert Spencer and the German anatomist Ernst Haeckel, who saw evolution as an inherently progressive process.

Kuno Fischer, born Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer ( July 23, 1824 – July 5, 1907 ), was a German philosopher, a historian of philosophy and a critic.

* January 14-Gottlob Ernst Schulze, philosopher ( born 1761 )

* Ernst Bloch, philosopher

also written von Haeckel, was an eminent German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, stem cell, and the kingdom Protista.

Huxley thought he had discovered a new organic substance and named it Bathybius haeckelii, in honor of German philosopher Ernst Haeckel.

The late R. G. Collingwood, a philosopher whose work has proved helpful to many students of literature, once wrote ``::

Zoticus, a Neoplatonist philosopher of the 3rd century AD, wrote an epic poem based on Plato's account of Atlantis.

The Hellenistic Jewish philosopher Philo in the early 1st century AD wrote about the destruction of Atlantis in his On the Eternity of the World, xxvi.

Whatever the precise links, the associate justice wrote opinions that mirrored the arguments of the Oxford philosopher of " positive liberty " and the sociologically inclined Midwestern professors.

In the 6th century, the Neoplatonist philosopher Simplicius, who was persecuted for his pagan beliefs during the reign of Justinian, wrote an extant commentary on the Enchiridion.

Being unwittingly on his deathbed, the philosopher wrote his last letter to his absent host and friend Lord Arundel:

Galen saw himself as both a physician and a philosopher, as he wrote in his treatise entitled That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher.

This early form of democracy was recorded by the philosopher Rousseau, by the poet Wordsworth, by the dramatist Tirso de Molina and by the composer Iparraguirre, who wrote the piece called Gernikako Arbola.

Reflecting his immense influence on 20th-century thought, Hilda Neatby, in 1953, wrote " Dewey has been to our age what Aristotle was to the later middle ages, not a philosopher, but the philosopher.

During the reign of Nero from 54 to 68, the Stoic philosopher Seneca wrote a number of dialogues and letters on such moral themes as mercy and generosity.

In early 12th-century al-Andalus, the Arabian philosopher, Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ), wrote discussions on materialism in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan ( Philosophus Autodidactus ), while vaguely foreshadowing the idea of a historical materialism.

Strabo, a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher, in his Geography ( c. AD 24 ), wrote in detail about Moses, whom he considered to be an Egyptian who deplored the situation in his homeland, and thereby attracted many followers who respected the deity.

Numenius, a Greek philosopher who was a native of Apamea, in Syria, wrote during the latter half of the 2nd century AD.

" Adams wrote of Cicero that " as all the ages of the world have not produced a greater statesman and philosopher united in the same character, his authority should have great weight.

According to German philosopher Karl Jaspers, when Spinoza wrote " Deus sive Natura " ( God or Nature ) Spinoza did not mean to say that God and Nature are interchangeable terms, but rather that God's transcendence was attested by his infinitely many attributes, and that two attributes known by humans, namely Thought and Extension, signified God's immanence.

The psychologist and philosopher Erich Fromm wrote about the psychological motivation behind political ideology, starting with The Fear of Freedom in 1941.

Förster-Nietzsche introduced Steiner into the presence of the catatonic philosopher ; Steiner, deeply moved, subsequently wrote the book Friedrich Nietzsche, Fighter for Freedom.

Whewell wrote of " an increasing proclivity of separation and dismemberment " in the sciences ; while highly specific terms proliferated — chemist, mathematician, naturalist — the broad term " philosopher " was no longer satisfactory to group together those who pursued science, without the caveats of " natural " or " experimental " philosopher.

The third-century philosopher Maximus of Tyre wrote that Sappho was " small and dark " and that her relationships to her female friends were similar to those of Socrates:

English philosopher, sociologist, biologist and writer Herbert Spencer wrote of the many aspects of the character of the state as opposed to the character of man in his book The Man Versus The State.

Leibniz's Théodicée was a response to skeptical Protestant philosopher Pierre Bayle, who wrote in his work Dictionnaire Historique et Critique that, after rejecting three attempts to solve it, he saw no rational solution to the problem of evil.

* Thomas Hobbes ( 1588 – 1679 ) English philosopher, who wrote Leviathan, a key text in political philosophy.