A proposal for a ward based council, in which the mayor and vice mayor would continue to be elected at-large, was rejected by Roanoke voters in 1997, but ward system advocates still contend that the at-large system results in a disproportionate number of council members coming from affluent neighborhoods and that electing some or all council members on a ward basis would result in a more equal representation of all areas of the city.

Laissez-faire advocates argue that such a monopoly can only come about through the use of physical coercion or fraudulent means by the corporation or by government intervention and that there is no case of a coercive monopoly ever existing that was not the result of government policies.

As a result, the Solicitor General tends to remain particularly comfortable during oral arguments that other advocates would find intimidating.

During Congressional hearings to consider the various Leach bills to repeal Sections 20 and 32, consumer and community development advocates warned against the concentration of “ economic power ” that would result from permitting “ financial conglomerates ” and argued that any repeal of Sections 20 and 32 should mandate greater consumer protections, particularly free or low cost consumer services, and greater community reinvestment requirements.

Most commentators are suspicious of the utopian goals of the advocates of such non-adversarial processes, viewing competition as essential to a good result.

" Free trade advocates desire the elimination of all market distorting mechanisms ( subsidies, tariffs, regulations ) and argue that, as with free trade in all areas, this will result in aggregate benefit for all.

As a result of the influence of Jameson, Buckland, and other advocates of natural theology, the nineteenth century debate over catastrophism took on religious overtones in Britain that were not nearly as prominent elsewhere.

Its outcome was celebrated by gay rights advocates, who hoped that further legal advances might result as a consequence.

Because of the decentralized nature of the education system in a country with 70 million children now in public or private schools, media literacy education develops as the result of groups of advocates in school districts, states or regions who lobby for its inclusion in the curriculum.

Free love advocates like Nichols argued that many children are born into unloving marriages out of compulsion, but should instead be the result of choice and affection — yet children born out of wedlock did not have the same rights as children with married parents.

Lesbian separatism advocates lesbianism as the logical result of feminism.

The Chairman of the Bar announced in April 2008 that, as a result of a survey of the profession, the Bar would recommend that advocates should retain their existing formal robes ( including wigs ) in all cases, civil and criminal, with possible exceptions in the County Court.

This was viewed by advocates of enosis as likely to result in the voluntary union of Cyprus with Greece following a public plebiscite.

U. S. Senator Barry GoldwaterCongress acted to save PEG from the result of the Supreme Court Midwest Video decision decision, however the legislative imperatives of compromise between the demands of the people and the demands of the cable industry yielded a law with only small benefits for consumers and Public-access television advocates.

However, as a result of the controversy, more toll road advocates favor creating local agencies similar to Transportation Corridor Agencies to build and maintain future tollways.

' As a result, it advocates that the United States pursue ultimate hegemony and dominate the international system economically, politically and militarily, rejecting any return to bipolarity or multipolarity and preventing the emergence of any peer competitor.

Additionally, lesbian feminism advocates lesbianism as a rational result of alienation and dissatisfaction with these institutions.

As a result, the Plex has outlawed non-combat related education, organized sports such as basketball and personal aircraft, restricted media to only one outlet, the Plex itself ( although it has multiple channels ), and advocates and glorifies the use of political violence amongst independent policlubs by providing money and firearms for its hit TV show Firefight All Night LIVE !, and covertly sterilizes the population by using a combo contraceptive and antibiotic called Mañanacillin to reduce the population.

Many electric vehicle advocates claim that automaker's choice of the NiMH battery worked against the 90's deployment of cost-effective electric vehicles based on PbA batteries, and that further development of lead – acid technology could result in performance equal to NiMH, but at a substantially lower price.

The IDG is the result of collaboration between the New York City Mayor ’ s Office for People with Disabilities, the International Code Council, Steven Winter Associates and a diverse team of contributors including prominent design firms, advocates and people with disabilities.

As a result, many consumer advocates have requested and state and federal regulators have required that utility companies profit levels ( measured through a return on equity allowance ) be reduced to reflect lower risk.

The Federation for American Immigration Reform ( FAIR ) is a non-profit tax exempt organization in the United States that advocates changes in U. S. immigration policy that would result in significant reductions in immigration, both legal and illegal.

The group divided, mainly as a result of disagreements about the role of consciousness raising ( CR ) groups, into the Redstockings ( the new home for CR group advocates ) and W. I. T. C. H.

In 2008, Lefkowitz published History Lesson, which the Wall Street Journal described as a " personal account of what she experienced as a result of questioning the veracity of Afrocentrism and the motives of its advocates.

As a result of influence from the West Saxons, the tribes were collectively called Anglo-Saxons by the Normans, the West Saxon kingdom having conquered, united and founded the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.

The Saxon elector Frederick the Wise had debts of his own as a result, but no see to show for it and no privilege to sell indulgences to recover his expenditures.

Much Christian literature was produced in the vernacular Old Saxon, the notable ones being a result of the literary output and wide influence of Saxon monasteries such as Fulda, Corvey, and Verden ; and the theological controversy between the Augustinian Gottschalk and the semipelagian Rabanus Maurus.

As a result of these literary efforts and the political dominance of Wessex, the West Saxon dialect of this period became the standard written form of Old English for the rest of the Anglo-Saxon period and beyond.

August II resisted, still possessing control of his native Saxony, but was decisively defeated at the Battle of Fraustadt in 1706, a battle sometimes compared to the Ancient Battle of Cannae due to the Swedish forces ' use of double envelopment, with a deadly result for the Saxon army.

In the early 670s, Cenwealh of Wessex died, and perhaps as a result of the stress caused by Wulfhere's military activity the West Saxon kingdom fragmented and came to be ruled by underkings, according to Bede.

The inconsistencies appear to result from the efforts of later chroniclers to demonstrate that each king on the list was descended from Cerdic, the founder, according to the Chronicle, of the West Saxon line in England.

As a result of the enormous expenditure of money used to bribe the Polish nobility and clergy, Augustus's contemporaries derisively referred to the Saxon duke's royal ambitions as his " Polish adventure.

As a result of the Saxon immigration, the Székelys – Hungarian-speaking free warriors cultivating communal lands – were transferred to the southeast of the province.

Some have said that the name Biddulph is a corruption of the Saxon Bidulfe, signifying Wolf Slayer, and as a result the Biddulph family crest is a wolf rampant.

Today's beech-birch and oak-hornbeam-dominated forest was the result of partial forest clearance in Saxon times.

As a result Saxon Palace was built.

As well as Standard Dutch, the local inhabitants speak a variety of Dutch Low Saxon, which is considered to be a member of the Sallaands sub-dialect, with a few Tweants traits that are a natural result of the village's proximity to Tweante.

As a result, Saxon decided to stay in London instead of returning directly home.

A dialect known as Transylvanian Saxon is also spoken in the Transylvania region of Romania, as a result of the emigration of numerous " Transylvanian Saxons " between 1100 and 1300, primarily from areas in which the Moselle Franconian dialect was spoken at that time.

laconically records the result. Cousin Hywell Dda with Saxon help seizing the opportunity he coveted, invaded Gwynedd

If the cutting force, Af, is plotted against film thickness, a straight line should result passing through the origin and having slope Af.

As a result, their food production techniques, cookware, utensils and property turned into a rich combination of Agriculture, which is the origin of Cantonese food.

As a result, scholars have theorized a pan-Germanic mythological origin for Hengist and Horsa, stemming originally from divine twins found in Proto-Indo-European religion.

The volcanic origin and remote location of the islands meant that the islands ' flora and fauna had to reach the archipelago from far across the sea ; as a result, the island is home to relatively few plant species and very few animal species.

CMF units were sometimes scorned by AIF soldiers as " chocolate soldiers " or " chockos ", because " they would melt under the pressure " of military operations ; or in an alternative version of the story of the origin of this term, as a result of the 1930s ' uniforms of Militia soldiers, these soldiers were considered by AIF volunteers and some civilians as soldiers only for show like the soldiers in garish 19th century dress uniforms shown on tins of chocolates that were commonly sold in Australia in the 1930s, hence the name " chocolate-tin soldiers " for Militia members.

Therefore, in a much later book, Robots and Empire ( 1985 ), Asimov provided a different origin for the future Earth's radioactivity-making it the result of a gradual process in the course of which human and other life could survive.

The odd result is that the English “ satire ” comes from the Latin satura ; but “ satirize ,” “ satiric ,” etc., are of Greek origin.

Because of its tectonic origin, several faults scar the land ; as a result, the island is prone to earthquakes.

The true origin of the blancmange is obscure, but it is believed that it was a result of the Arab introduction of rice and almonds in early medieval Europe.

As a result, Bermuda has been continuously inhabited since the wrecking of the Sea Venture, and claims its origin from that date, and not the official settlement of 1612.

Many origin stories involve tragic elements and / or freak accidents that result in the development of the hero's abilities.

Geology explains the origin of the Aeolian Islands is due to movement of the Earth's crust as a result of plate tectonics.

As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly * berna " cleft ".

" The origin of the Evenks is the result of complex processes, different in time, involving the mixing of different ancient aboriginal tribes from the north of Siberia with tribes … related in language to the Turks and Mongols.

The Sami worshipped a similar deity, called Aijeke, probably as result of cultural cross-contamination or common origin.

" Ross said in March 2007 the Gill-man's origin would be reinvented, with him being the result of a pharmaceutical corporation polluting the Amazon.

Scholars have argued that the secondary purpose of the narrative about Onan and Tamar, of which the description of Onan is a part, was to either assert the institution of levirate marriage, or present an aetiological myth for its origin ; Onan's role in the narrative is, thus, as the brother abusing his obligations by agreeing to sexual intercourse with his dead brother's wife, but refusing to allow her to become pregnant as a result.

Poseidon and Zeus, which have the same etymological origin ( Poseidon deriving from Posei-Deion which means Lord God, and Zeus deriving from Deus which also means God ), may be the result of the parallel evolution of the same original god in separate cultures, one ( Poseidon-who is also associated with horses ) becoming associated more with the sea ( due to change in the main source of trade ), and thus eventually becoming noticeably different.

Appearances in Voodoo ceremonies are rare, possibly as a result of her non-African origin.

Some speculate the origin of bichon to be the result of the apheresis, or shortening, of the word barbichon (" small poodle "), a derivative of barbiche (" shaggy dog "); however, this is unlikely, if not impossible, since the word bichon ( attested 1588 ) is older than barbichon ( attested 1694 ).

As a result, when DC reintroduced Supergirl, she needed a non-Kryptonian origin.

As the result of its origin and development, the gerund has nominal and verbal properties.

The griffin — a similar creature but with an eagle's head rather than that of a king — has also been proposed as an origin, arising in Israelite culture as a result of Hittite usage of griffins ( rather than being depicted as aggressive beasts, Hittite depictions show them seated calmly, as if guarding ), and some have proposed that griffin may be cognate to cherubim, but Lammasu were significantly more important in Levantine culture, and thus more likely to be the origin.