By this time, the office of duke of Swabia had been fully subsumed into the office of the king, and without royal authority had become meaningless.

There were five peerage ranks below the royal ranks, in descending order with common English translations: gōng 公 " duke ", hóu 侯 " marquis ", bó 伯 " count ", zǐ 子 " viscount " ( also extensively used as an honorific ) and nán 男 " baron ".

Rouen became the capital city of English power in occupied France and when the duke of Bedford, John of Lancaster bought Joan of Arc from his ally, the duke of Burgundy who had been keeping her in jail since May 1430, she was logically sent to this city for Christmas 1430 and after a long trial by a church court, sentenced to be burned at the stake on 30 May 1431 in this city, where most inhabitants supported the duke of Burgundy, Joan of Arc's royal enemy.

The title is ranked below duke, which was mostly restricted to the royal family and those that were held in high enough esteem to be granted such a title.

There are exceptions, such as António José de Ávila, who, although not having any relation to the royal family, was given the title of duke of Ávila and Bolama in the 19th Century.

The Dukes of Brittany were crowned with a royal crown said to be that of the former kings of Brittany in a ceremony designed to emphasise the royal ancestry and sovereignty of the reigning duke.

" Hoc vernant lilia corde " ( granted by Louis XII, then duke of Orléans ), meaning " It is by this heart that lilies flourish " or " This heart makes lilies flourish ", referring to the fleur de lys, symbol of the French royal family.

Desiderius was originally a royal officer, the dux Langobardorum et comes stabuli, " constable and duke of the Lombards ," an office apparently similar to the contemporaneous Frankish office of dux Francorum.

Thus, when his son Frederick II became duke in 1797, Protestantism returned to the ducal household, and the royal house adhered to this faith thereafter.

But when Charles IX and his mother learned of the involvement of the duke of Anjou, and being so dependent on his support, they issued a second royal declaration, which while asking for an end to the massacres, credited the initiative with the desire of Charles IX to prevent a Protestant plot.

Initially the coup d ' état of the duke of Anjou was a success, but Catherine de Medici went out of her way to deprive him from any power in France: she sent him with the royal army to remain in front of La Rochelle and then had him elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

" But when consulted the future George VI gave sound reasons why his brother must remain a Royal Highness: the Duke had been born the son of a ( royal ) duke – their father George V was Duke of York at the time of Edward VIII's birth.

In 939 the East Frankish king Otto I brought the reigning duke Gilbert to heel and incorporated Lotharingia into his realm as one of the " younger " stem duchies, whose dukes had a vote in royal elections.

Though officially a cowboy, Freleng put Sam in a different costume in almost every film: a knight, a Roman legionary, a pirate, a royal cook, a prison guard, a duke ( Duke of Yosemite, no less ), a Confederate soldier, a mountain climber ( climbing the ' Shmadderhorn ' mountain in Switzerland ), a hen-pecked househusband and even a space alien.

During this time he was also created as a royal duke, becoming the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, as well as the Earl of Sussex.

A Swedish duke ( hertig ) has almost always been of royal status and counted as such.

As a royal duke, he was destined for royal duties at an early age.

A Chinese royal duke might be a clan prince or ( courtesy title ) family " king " under the emperor while simultaneously holding a Duchy, whether enfoeffed with land or without portfolio.

He is widely held to have been in the royal service of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, the fourth son of Henry IV and brother of Henry V. As such he may have stayed in France for some time, since the duke was Regent of France from 1423 to 1429, and then Governor of Normandy from 1429 to his death in 1435.

When duke Álmos returned from the Holy Land and realised that his duchy had been incorporated into the royal domains, he escaped again to the court of the Holy Roman Emperor.

The university was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain.

In Britain, the Christmas tree was introduced in the time of the personal union with Hanover, by George III's Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in early 19th century, but the custom hadn't yet spread much beyond the royal family.

Scott's " staging " of the royal Visit of King George IV to Scotland in 1822 and the king's wearing of tartan, resulted in a massive upsurge in demand for kilts and tartans that could not be met by the Scottish linen industry.

It was then announced from the Office of the Prime Minister of Canada on 21 March 1946 that George VI had, by commission under the royal sign-manual and signet, approved the recommendation of his prime minister, Mackenzie King, to appoint Alexander as his representative.

The " Dutch House " adjoining was purchased by George III in 1781 as a nursery for the royal children.

In 1780, he painted the portraits of King George III and his queen and afterwards received many royal commissions.

* July – Columbia University is founded as King's College by royal charter of King George II of England.

The rebels intended to dethrone George in favor of the king's fraternal nephew, Demna, who was considered by many to be a legitimate royal heir of his murdered father, David V. Demna's cause was little but a pretext for the nobles, led by the pretender's father-in-law, the amirspasalar (" constable ") Ivane Orbeli, to weaken the crown.

One of the few untitled servitors of George III to escape this fate was the treasurer Qutlu Arslan who now led a group of nobles and wealthy citizens in a struggle to limit the royal authority by creating a new council, karavi, whose members would alone deliberate and decide policy.

Grigory Gagarin | Prince Gagarin's reproduction of the royal panel at Betania, depicting George IV ( left ), Tamar ( center ), and George III ( right ), flanked by the warrior saints ( 1847 )

* A rift between George I of Great Britain and his son the Prince of Wales leads to the latter being thrown out of the royal household.

Michael and George, formerly the residence of the British governor and the seat of the Ionian Senate, and the summer Palace of Mon Repos, formerly the property of the Greek royal family and birthplace of the Duke of Edinburgh.

Members of the Royal Family belong to, either by birth or marriage, the House of Windsor, since 1917, when George V changed the name of the royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

The Duke of Gloucester, The Duke of Kent, Princess Alexandra, The Hon Lady Ogilvy and Prince Michael of Kent enjoy the titular dignity of Prince or Princess and the style Royal Highness as male-line grandchildren of HM King George V. However, none of their children ( being only great-grandchildren of a monarch ) have royal titles.

He had been introduced as " His Royal Highness Prince Edward " for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including " Royal Highness ".

George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically.

As Duke of York, George bore the royal arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing an anchor azure — a difference earlier awarded to his father George V when he was Duke of York, and then later awarded to his grandson, Prince Andrew, Duke of York.

The royal couple undertook a six-month tour taking in Austria, Egypt and Greece over 1868 and 1869, which included visits to her brother King George I of Greece, to the Crimean battlefields and ( for her only ) to the harem of the Khedive Ismail.

George was restored to royal favour by his brother King Edward.

Poet George Elliott Clarke publicly mused about a fully First Nations royal family for Canada.

It was bitter for him to witness the royal elevation of the German princes Augustus II the Strong ( 1697 ), Frederick I of Prussia ( 1701 ) and George I of Hanover ( 1714 ) while his own political dreams could not be realized.