These preaching friars, with the authorization of Gregory IX, adopted ( with some modifications, e. g. the substitution of the " Gallican " for the " Roman " version of the Psalter ) the Breviary hitherto used exclusively by the Roman court, and with it gradually swept out of Europe all the earlier partial books ( Legendaries, Responsories ), & c., and to some extent the local Breviaries, like that of Sarum.

This was a cornerstone of the privileges claimed for the Gallican Church, and could never be shifted as long as Louis XI maneuvered to replace King Ferdinand I of Naples with a French prince.

In the " Old Gallican Sacramentary " ( Thomasi, " Opera ", VI, 395 ) we find for Holy Saturday an oratio ad duodecima, designed to celebrate the light as well as the Resurrection, which would seem thus to favour our hypothesis.

The Franciscans sought a one-volume breviary for its friars to use during travels, so the order adopted the Breviarium Curiae, but substituting the Gallican Psalter for the Roman.

In the year 1811 the emperor convoked a national council of Gallican clerics for the discussion of church affairs, and Fesch was appointed to preside over their deliberations.

W. C. Bishop, in his article on the Ambrosian Breviary ( Church Q., Oct., 1886 ), takes up the same line as Neale in claiming a Gallican origin for the Ambrosian Divine Office.

However, in September 1563, on a visit to Rome, the cardinal, intent perhaps on securing the pope's assistance for the political ambitions of the Guises, professed opinions less decided Gallican.

Moreover, when he learned that the French ambassadors, who had left the council, were dissatisfied because the legates had obtained from the council approval of a project for the " reformation of the princes ", which the latter deemed contrary to the liberties of the Gallican church, he endeavoured, though without success, to bring about the return of the ambassadors, prevailed on the legates to withdraw the objectionable articles and strove to secure the immediate publication in France of the decrees of the council ; this, however, was refused by Catherine de ' Medici.

After having taken some part in minor controversies he threw himself with energy into the dispute which had arisen as to the Gallican liberties ; for his Traité historique de l ' établissement et des prérogatives de l ' Eglise de Rome et de ses évêques ( 1682 ) he was by command of Innocent XI expelled from the Society, but rewarded by Louis XIV with a residence at the abbey of St Victor, Paris, and a pension.

In the view of some partisans of the theory, the popes had always thought fit to show especial consideration for the ancient customs of the Gallican Church, which in every age had distinguished itself by its exactitude in the preservation of the Faith and the maintenance of ecclesiastical discipline.

St. Louis IX, whom some tried to represent as a patron of the Gallican system, is still ignorant of it — for the fact is now established that the Pragmatic Sanction of 1269, long attributed to him, was a wholesale fabrication put together ( about 1445 ) in the purlieus of the Royal Chancellery of Charles VII to lend countenance to the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.

The forms of prayer for the ordination are similar to those in the old Gallican Rite.

French proposals for more local control (" Gallican " proposals, generally speaking ) produced resistance from the loyalists of the Papal Curia.

In 1700 he was appointed procurator-general ; and in this office, which he filled for seventeen years, he gained the greatest popularity by his defence of the rights of the Gallican Church in the Quietist troubles and in those connected with the bull Unigenitus.

Schaff argues for an Oriental element in both the Gallican and the Mozarabic ( or Old Hispanic ), while Jenner quotes Dom Marius Férotin, O. S. B., who writes that the framework of the liturgy is from Italy or Rome, while various details such as hymns are from Iberia, Africa, and Gaul.

Tanucci worked at establishing for Bourbon Naples the kind of controls over the church that were effected by the Gallican church in Bourbon France: revenues of vacant bishoprics and abbeys went to the crown, superfluous convents were suppressed, tithes abolished and the acquisition of new Church property by mortmain was forbidden.

Ritual blowing occurs in the liturgies of catechumenate and baptism from a very early period and survives into the modern Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Maronite, and Coptic rites .< ref > Alongside Martène and Suntrup ( cited above ), convenient collections of illustrative material include W. G. Henderson, ed., < cite > Manuale et Processionale ad usum insignis Ecclesiae Eboracensis ,</ cite > Surtees Society Publications 63 ( Durham, 1875 for 1874 ), especially Appendix III " Ordines Baptismi " below as < cite > York Manual </ cite >; Joseph Aloysius Assemanus, < cite > Codex liturgicus ecclesiae universae, I: De Catechumenis </ cite > and < cite > II: De Baptismo </ cite > ( Rome, 1749 ; reprinted Paris and Leipzig, 1902 ); J. M. Neale, ed., < cite > The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church ... together with Parallel Passages from the Roman, Ambrosian, and Mozarabic Rites </ cite > ( London, 1855 ; rpt.

The Franciscans sought a one-volume breviary for its friars to use during travels, so the order adopted the Breviarium Curiae, but substituting the Gallican Psalter for the Roman.

In the Gallican Rite the offerings were prepared before Mass began, as in the Eastern Liturgy of Preparation, so there was no long version of the Offertory nor place for a Lavabo before the Eucharistic Prayer.

The Gallican Rite is a historical sub-grouping of the Roman Catholic liturgy in western Europe ; it is not a single rite but actually a family of rites within the Western Rite which comprised the majority use of most of Christianity in western Europe for the greater part of the 1st millennium AD.

He points out that " the Gallican Liturgy in the features which distinguish it from the Roman, betrays all the characteristics of the Eastern liturgies ," and that " some of its formularies are to be found word for word in the Greek texts which were in use in the Churches of the Syro-Byzantine Rite either in the fourth century or somewhat later ", and infers from this that, " the Gallican Liturgy is an Oriental liturgy, introduced into the West towards the middle of the fourth century ".

But the price was the silence of the grave for all criticism or opposition.

Does the organization show an affinity for a foreign government, political party or personality in opposition or preference to the American system??

On net balance, in spite of Controller Gerosa's opposition to the new Charter as an invasion of his office, the Controller will have the opportunity for greater usefulness to good government than he has now.

His strong opposition to the transfer of Negro children to schools outside their own neighborhood, in the interest of integration, will be attacked by Negro leaders who have fought for, and achieved, this open or permissive enrollment.

His suggestion that the prestige colleges be made the training institutions for medical, law and graduate schools will run into strong opposition from these colleges themselves -- even though what he is recommending is already taking shape as a trend.

Despite the opposition of the city newspapers, the Pratt Hall meeting `` brought together a very respectable audience, composed in part of those who had been distinguished for years for their radical views upon the subject of slavery, of many of our colored citizens, and of those who were attracted to the place by the novelty of such a gathering ''.

It called for opposition to laws and institutional practices restricting the information or availability of contraceptives.

Some opposition to the home rule movement started to be heard yesterday, with spokesmen for the town's insurgent Democratic leadership speaking out against the home rule charter in favor of the model municipal league charter.

So, too, was the insistence on the relativity of the external world, and the ideas that language and things perceived by consciousness were poor substitutes indeed for immediate perception by pure, indwelling spirit: the opposition of pure consciousness to ratiocinating consciousness.

Some eastern Republicans even favored the reelection of Douglas for the Senate in 1858, since he had led the opposition to the Lecompton Constitution, which would have admitted Kansas as a slave state.

Lincoln insisted the moral foundation of the Republicans required opposition to slavery, and rejected any " groping for some middle ground between the right and the wrong ".

Public demonstrations usually take place without government interference, though one rally in November 2000 by an opposition party was followed by the arrest and imprisonment for a month of its organizer.

Light chose, not without opposition, a site on rising ground close to the River Torrens, which was the chief early water supply for the fledgling colony.

Although Collins used it as a catharsis for her opposition to the Vietnam War, two years after her rendition, the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, senior Scottish regiment of the British Army, recorded an instrumental version featuring a bagpipe soloist accompanied by a pipe and drum band.

The projected union initially aroused great opposition: he did not consult with his father, who had been on vacation in Karlovy Vary and making arrangements to secure the hand of a German princess for his son, or his Prime Minister Dr. Vladan Đorđević, who was visiting the Paris Universal Exhibition at the time of the announcement.

In 1835, Johnson made a bid for election to the " floater " seat for his district in the Tennessee House of Representatives ; he " demolished " the opposition in debate and won the election with almost a two to one margin.

Johnson's third term in Congress found him stiffening in his opposition to non essential government spending, from expenses of the new Smithsonian Institute to the purchase of portraits for the White House.

Johnson, in the face of the national mania over new railroad construction, and in response to the need in his own district for additional mode of transportation, found himself moderating in his opposition to them.

The opposition was appalled, with the Richmond Whig for example, referring to him as " the vilest radical and most unscrupulous demagogue in the Union.

Thucydides the son of Milesias ( not the historian ), an aristocrat, stood in opposition to these policies, for which he was ostracised in 443 BC.

Nevertheless, consanguinity was enough for the opposition.

The rivalry has existed for some time with PSV and stems from various causes, such as the different interpretations of whether current national and international successes of both clubs and the supposed opposition between the Randstad and the province.

As an MP, Widdecombe expressed conservative views, including opposition to abortion ; it was understood during her time in frontline politics that she would not become Health Secretary as long as this involved responsibility for abortions.