In 1962, on leave from the university, Singer was named as the first director of meteorological satellite services for the National Weather Satellite Center, now part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and directed a program for using satellites to forecast the weather.

Examples of unmanned spaceflight include space probes which leave Earth's orbit, as well as satellites in orbit around Earth, such as communication satellites.

Batman allows himself to be captured and tortured by Luthor in order to learn his plan: Luthor has launched satellites to destroy most of the world's population and leave them with a more manageable number of people.

While unable to destroy the machines, the human army is able to trap them on Corrin by surrounding the planet with a net of scrambler satellites, so that any thinking machine attempting to leave would have its gelcircuitry mind destroyed.

Prospecting potential mining sites, a vital area of concern for the mining industry is now done using sophisticated new technologies such as seismic prospecting and remote-sensing satellites.

Low Earth orbiting satellites ( LEOs ) are often deployed in satellite constellations, because the coverage area provided by a single LEO satellite only covers a small area that moves as the satellite travels at the high angular velocity needed to maintain its orbit.

Many LEO satellites are needed to maintain continuous coverage over an area.

This contrasts with geostationary satellites, where a single satellite, moving at the same angular velocity as the rotation of the Earth's surface, provides permanent coverage over a large area.

Satellite radio is an analogue or digital radio signal that is relayed through one or more satellites and thus can be received in a much wider geographical area than terrestrial FM radio stations.

Because of a tradeoff between area covered and ground resolution, not all reconnaissance satellites have been designed for high resolution ; the KH-5-ARGON program had a ground resolution of 140 meters and was intended for mapmaking.

The large area, clear skies and the exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar an ideal object for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites.

India had identified development of ASAT weapons " for electronic or physical destruction of satellites in both LEO ( 2, 000-km altitude above earth's surface ) and the higher GEO-synchronous orbits " as a thrust area in its long-term integrated perspective plan ( 2012 – 2027 ).

Alouette was used to study the ionosphere, an area of the upper atmosphere where many future satellites would be placed into orbit.

Array-fed antennas are often used on communication satellites, particularly direct broadcast satellites, to create a downlink radiation pattern to cover a particular continent or coverage area.

With the closing of the Nurrungar base in 1999, an area in Pine Gap was set aside for the United States Air Force's control station for Defense Support Program satellites that monitor heat emissions from missiles, giving first warning of ballistic missile launches.

The WGBH Educational Foundation, the parent organization, also owns and operates WGBX-TV ( channel 44 ) and the public radio stations WGBH ( FM ) and WCRB in the Boston area, and WCAI ( and satellites WZAI and WNAN ) in Cape Cod.

Whereas the ice area remain stable, as detected by the observation satellites, so as the associated water temperature and salinity, the ice structure has changed recently.

The on-orbit TDRS network was rearranged and included two fully operational spacecraft occupying the TDRS East and West slots, one on-orbit fully functional spare, TDRS-1, which was nearly depleted having exceeded its planned lifetime, and the partially operational TDRS-3 spacecraft dedicated to supporting the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and providing coverage an area that can't be seen by the other satellites known as the Zone of Exclusion.

Satellite phone networks themselves are prone to congestion as satellites and spot beams cover a large area with relatively few voice channels.

A small area would not be within line-of-sight of any satellites – a so-called Zone of Exclusion ( ZOE ).

* Programming of SPOT satellites: direct-access satellite programming and regular revisit capability over the same point on the globe enable the acquisition of images over a selected area of interest.

Therefore two cities with the same demographics for their urban area will have an equal ranking on this list, even if one of the two cities may be much larger as it is the core of a number of satellites.

These balloons are launched into what is termed " near space "— the area of Earth's atmosphere where there is very little air, but where the remaining amount generates far too much drag for satellites to remain in orbit.

The state ' Brahmavarta ' is now identified on the borders of North Rajasthan and South Haryana, mainly in and around Shekhawati and Jhunjhunu region of Rajasthan and parts of Haryana in the districts of Mahendragarh and Rewari on the basis of images of paleochannals of these rivers from satellites, geo-morphological studies of the soils, which confirm presence of soil particals of Himalayan rocks in the ares represented by Saraswati river, and mentions of the area in Mahabharat, Rigved, Shatapatha Brahmana, Manusmriti and various Puranas.

For example, a 6U CubeSat standard has been proposed to enable a constellation of 35 Earth-imaging satellites to replace a constellation of five RapidEye Earth-imaging satellites, at the same mission cost, with significantly increased revisit time: every area of the globe can be imaged every 3. 5 hours rather than the once per 24 hours with RapidEye constellation.

* SPIKE, a scheduling system for earth or space based observatories and satellites, notably the Hubble Space Telescope.

The report to the European Parliament of 2001 states: " If UKUSA states operate listening stations in the relevant regions of the earth, in principle they can intercept all telephone, fax and data traffic transmitted via such satellites.

The calculations require a constant input of meteorological data, collected by satellites and earth observation systems such as automatic and manned stations, aircraft, ships and weather balloons.

He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center.

Singer was one of the first scientists to urge the launching of earth satellites for scientific observation during the 1950s.

The Baltimore News Post reported in 1957 that had Singer's arguments about the need for satellites been heeded, the U. S. could have beaten Russia by launching the first earth satellite.

His predictions included that man-made satellites had been orbiting the earth for 50 years.

For instance it is the most common way to transfer satellites into geostationary orbit, after first being " parked " in low earth orbit.

Weather satellites along with more general-purpose Earth-observing satellites circling the earth at various altitudes have become an indispensable tool for studying a wide range of phenomena from forest fires to El Niño.

Scientific research satellites provide us with meteorological information, land survey data ( e. g., remote sensing ), Amateur ( HAM ) Radio, and other different scientific research applications such as earth science, marine science, and atmospheric research.

The development of the transistor, the solar cell, and telemetry led in the 1950s and early 1960s to unmanned satellites that could take photographs of weather patterns or enemy nuclear weapons and send them to earth.

This is a very broad definition that includes a wide range of things from satellites and earth stations, to telephones and fax machines.

A telecommunications link is generally one of several types of information transmission paths such as those provided by communication satellites, terrestrial radio communications infrastructure and computer networks to connect two points on earth.

In addition, satellites in low earth orbit change their position relative to the ground position quickly.

Low earth orbiting satellites are less expensive to launch into orbit than geostationary satellites and, due to proximity to the ground, do not require as high signal strength ( Recall that signal strength falls off as the square of the distance from the source, so the effect is dramatic ).

There are four earth stations which link to the network through the satellites visible to them.

Communication between satellites and earth stations is at 20 and 30 GHz.

The observatory and five others in Japan, Italy, Russia, and the United States gathered information that is still used by scientists today, along with information from satellites, to determine polar motion ; the size, shape, and physical properties of the earth ; and to aid the space program through the precise navigational patterns of orbiting satellites.

Not included are most earth science satellites, commercial satellites or manned missions.