While the town's name is generally seen as a diminutive form of Barcelona in Spain, Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing point out an earlier attestation of the name Barcilona in Barcelonnette in around 1200, and suggest that it is derived instead from two earlier stems signifying a mountain, * bar and * cin ( the latter of which is also seen in the name of Mont Cenis ).

Mainstream CBT helps individuals replace " maladaptive ... coping skills, cognitions, emotions and behaviors with more adaptive ones ", by challenging an individual's way of thinking and the way that he / she reacts to certain habits or behaviors, but there is still controversy about the degree to which these traditional cognitive elements account for the effects seen with CBT over and above the earlier behavioral elements such as exposure and skills training.

While the Great Wall had been built in earlier times, most of what is seen today was either built or repaired by the Ming.

The lower jaw position seen in these photographs show more variation from his earlier text as well.

The first attested instance of this is from 984, although more primitive forms were seen up to one-hundred years earlier.

While some scientists have claimed other objects ( such as Abell 1835 IR1916 ) have higher redshifts ( and therefore are seen in an earlier stage of the Universe's evolution ), IOK-1's age and composition have been more reliably established.

This is a relatively recent phenomenon ; until the last few decades a sovereign was seen as the personal embodiment of the state (" L ' etat c ' est moi ", so to speak ), and therefore could not be head of himself or herself ( hence many constitutions from the 19th century and earlier make no mention of a " head of state ").

Lack of archaeological evidence of iron production made it seem unlikely that it had begun earlier elsewhere, and the Iron Age was seen as a case of simple diffusion of a new and superior technology from an invention point in the Near East to other regions.

Yet, Lutherans and Orthodox are in agreement that the Second Council of Nicaea confirms the christological teaching of the earlier councils and in setting forth the role of images ( icons ) in the lives of the faithful reaffirms the reality of the incarnation of the eternal Word of God, when it states: " The more frequently, Christ, Mary, the mother of God, and the saints are seen, the more are those who see them drawn to remember and long for those who serve as models, and to pay these icons the tribute of salutation and respectful veneration.

Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending-te begins to reduce onto the verb ( e. g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the-k-in the final syllable of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form ( e. g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ, where modern Japanese just has hayaku, though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu " good morning "; this ending is also seen in o-medetō " congratulations ", from medetaku ).

" Trumpet Secrets " is seen by Mr. Callet as a progression from his earlier books, " Trumpet Yoga " and " Super Chops "

Like his earlier raids, Raynald's expedition is usually seen as selfish and ultimately fatal for Jerusalem, but according to Bernard Hamilton it was actually shrewd strategy, meant to damage Saladin's prestige and reputation.

By the end of the 1980s, membership had fallen to just over 6, 000, 000 — little more than half the level of a decade earlier — and it also counted against the Labour Party's hopes of regaining power, as its relationship with the trade unions had traditionally been seen as a strength but after the Winter of Discontent it was seen as a liability.

On 4 August 1933, the Courier published as a full news item the assertion of a London man, George Spicer, that a few weeks earlier while motoring around the Loch, he and his wife had seen " the nearest approach to a dragon or pre-historic animal that I have ever seen in my life ", trundling across the road toward the Loch carrying " an animal " in its mouth.

While earlier times had seen larger and taller longships in service, by this time the authorities had also gone over to other types of ships for warfare.

Just as propositional logic can be seen as an advancement from the earlier syllogistic logic, Gottlob Frege's predicate logic was an advancement from the earlier propositional logic.

From early on, many Irish nationalists opposed the union and what was seen as the exploitation of the country.

The principal reasons why French settlement didn't grow in a manner similar to that in French North Africa ( which had a population of over 1 million French civilians ) were because French Indochina was seen as a colonie d ' exploitation économique ( economic colony ) rather than a colonie de peuplement ( settlement colony helping Metropolitan France from being overpopulated ), and because Indochina was distant from France itself.

The term wage slavery has been used to criticize economic exploitation and social stratification, with the former seen primarily as unequal bargaining power between labor and capital ( particularly when workers are paid comparatively low wages, e. g. in sweatshops ), and the latter as a lack of workers ' self-management, fulfilling job choices and leisure in an economy.

Whilst some of these such as emotional distress ( fear of abuse or exploitation ) and sexually transmitted diseases ( including HIV / AIDS ) are not necessarily inherent to adolescence, others such as pregnancy ( through non-use or failure of contraceptives ) are seen as social problems in most western societies.

This kind of exploitation is seen as being an inherent feature and key element of capitalism and free markets.

UNICEF notes that sexual activity is often seen as a private matter, making communities reluctant to act and intervene in cases of sexual exploitation.

Authoritarian traits and values — domination, exploitation, aggression, competition, etc .— are integral to hierarchical civilizations and are seen as " masculine.

UNICEF notes that sexual activity is often seen as a private matter, making communities reluctant to act and intervene in cases of sexual exploitation.

He stated that his military experience heavily influenced his choice to pursue politics: " I could see that what was happening to our people was the same kind of exploitation and degradation I had seen in Korea and Egypt.

When labor markets are seen as imperfect, and when the employment relationship includes conflicts of interest, then one cannot rely on markets or managers to always serve workers ’ interests, and in extreme cases to prevent worker exploitation.

Conflict is therefore seen as inevitable and trade unions are a natural response of workers to their exploitation by capital.

The rise of the Labour Party from about 1900 coincided with a decline in the Liberal Party, which followed the Manchester School in economics, increasingly seen as permitting unjustified exploitation.

In particular, the numbers have been critiqued for their display ( and some say exploitation ) of the female form as seen through the “ male gaze ”, and for their depiction of collectivism ( as opposed to traditionally American rugged individualism ) in the spirit of Roosevelt's New Deal.

The term ' wage slavery ' has been used to criticize economic exploitation and social stratification, with the former seen primarily as unequal bargaining power between labor and capital ( particularly when workers are paid comparatively low wages, e. g. in sweatshops ), and the latter as a lack of workers ' self-management ( which criticizes the job choices that an economy allows ).

From this possibility of self-determination even the notion of Workers ' self-management is seen as problematic since " Far from the emergence of proletarian power, ... this self-management as a moment of the self-harnessing of the workers to capitalist production in the period of real subsumption ... Mistaking the individual capitalist ( who, in real subsumption disappears into the collective body of share ownership on one side, and hired management on the other ) rather than the enterprise as the problem, ... the workers themselves became a collective capitalist, taking on responsibility for the exploitation of their own labor.

From the IAC minutes of the 4th December and the earlier CIA documents it appears clear that the Robertson Panel was the outcome of recommendation ( a ) of the IAC decision but that this formed part of a wider intended programme of action aimed at enabling rapid positive identification of UFOs from an air defense perspective ( i. e. identifying actual Soviet aircraft from misidentified natural phenomena or other conventional objects ) and a desire to reduce reporting of UFOs, which were seen as clogging up air defense communication channels and created the risk of exploitation of this effect.

The themes of the work deal with: issues of oppression, the politics of identity and the influence of power, loss of culture through assimilation, ( as seen in " War Pig " and " Hedge School ") hybridization of cultures out of the need for survival, political and sexual resistance and exploitation, (" Kobe " performance ), obsession and divinity.

Many exploitation events are seen shortly after the release of a patch.

As a response to the suit, and in reference to treatment by Trans Continental, * NSYNC released a statement citing the company's poor conduct as " the most glaring, overt, and callous example of artist exploitation that the music industry has seen in a long time.

Green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) remain very common here despite years of exploitation and remarkably high numbers will be seen on dives or from tender trips to the lagoon entrance close to high tide.

The movie is seen as a cult classic, as it represents the beginnings of a series of exploitation films about women in prison in the 1970s, such as Women in Cages ( 1971 ) and The Big Bird Cage ( 1972 ), both of which made Pam Grier a recognizable name in the genre.

Lewis and Friedman's movies were early exploitation films, and the films ' nude scenes, although softcore, were not seen in " mainstream " Hollywood pictures because of the censorship imposed by the Motion Picture Production Code.

Most of Lewis ' films are available for purchase through the Seattle-based video company titled Something Weird Video which finds and restores lost and little seen exploitation movies from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.

The moon had sunk below the black crest of the mountains and the land, seen through eyes that had grown accustomed to the absence of light, looked primeval, as if no man had ever trespassed before.

It looked as Gavin had first seen it years ago, on those nights when he slept alone by his campfire and waked suddenly to the hoot of an owl or the rustle of a blade of grass in the moon's wind -- a savage land, untenanted and brooding, too strong to be broken by the will of men.

The aborigine lives on the cruelest land I have ever seen.

But he had never seen the mountainous half of his native land north of Vientiane, including the royal capital, Luang Prabang.

( God's speech foreshadows major themes of the book: the crossing of the Jordan and conquest of the land, its distribution, and the imperative need for obedience to the Law ; Joshua's own immediate obedience is seen in his speeches to the Israelite commanders and to the Transjordanian tribes, and the Transjordanians ' affirmation of Joshua's leadership echoes Yahweh's assurances of victory ).

The Bank of England moved to its current location on Threadneedle Street, and thereafter slowly acquired neighbouring land to create the edifice seen today.

The identity is seen as native to the land:

File: Cabotslanding. jpg | Cabot's Landing, Victoria County, commemorating the " first land seen " by explorer John Cabot in 1497

While ballistic missiles were the preferred weapons for land targets, heavy nuclear and conventional tipped cruise missiles were seen by the USSR as a primary weapon to destroy US naval carrier battle groups.

Rents on agricultural land were seen as the production that was surplus to the subsistence required by the tenants.

The wholescale clearance of woodland to create agricultural land can be seen in many parts of the world, such as the Central forest-grasslands transition and other areas of the Great Plains of the United States.

We could never have imagined ( had we not seen it fall out in experience ) that a man raised up by ourself and extraordinarily favoured by us, above any other subject of this land, would have in so contemptible a sort broken our commandment in a cause that so greatly touches us in honour .... And therefore our express pleasure and commandment is that, all delays and excuses laid apart, you do presently upon the duty of your allegiance obey and fulfill whatsoever the bearer hereof shall direct you to do in our name.

The wreck of the American Star ( SS America ) seen in July 2004 from land side.

According to Michel Samaha, Lebanon ’ s minister of information, Hezbollah is seen as a legitimate resistance organization that has defended its land against an Israeli occupying force and has consistently stood up to the Israeli army.

In building the railway the British had to confront strong local opposition, especially from Koitalel Arap Samoei, a diviner and Nandi leader who prophesied that a black snake would tear through Nandi land spitting fire, which was seen later as the railway line.

However, this claim is dubious, considering that gunpowder warfare did not exist in China until the advent of the flamethrower ( Pen Huo Qi ) in the 10th century, while the land mine was not seen in China until the late 13th century.

Palin said, " I ’ ve been to the Nyamgiri Hills in Orissa and seen the forces of money and power that Vedanta Resources have arrayed against a people who have occupied their land for thousands of years, who husband the forest sustainably and make no great demands on the state or the government.

There is also the achlis, which is produced in the land of Scandinavia ; it has never been seen in this city, although we have had descriptions of it from many persons ; it is not unlike the elk, but has no joints in the hind leg.

The game is darker, dealing with death and tragedy in a manner not previously seen in the series, and has a sense of impending doom, as a large moon slowly descends upon the land of Termina.

Thailand has had a long history of corruption, and the types regularly seen range from extortion and bribery to use of insider information to buy land.

The paper is named after the legendary martlet bird, whose inability to land is often seen to symbolize the constant quest for knowledge, learning, and adventure.

The legendary martlet bird's inability to land is often seen to symbolize the constant quest for knowledge, learning, and adventure.

They also may well have been deliberately sought out, perhaps on the basis of the accounts of sailors who had seen land in the distance.

This can be seen by the success of seed plants ( both gymnosperms and angiosperms ) in dominating biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates.