The most important was the study of the Peasants of Languedoc by Braudel's star pupil and successor Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie.

Catharism (; from, katharos, pure ) was a name given to a Christian religious movement with dualistic and gnostic elements that appeared in the Languedoc region of France and other parts of Europe in the 11th century and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Simon's greatest triumph was the victory against superior numbers at the Battle of Muret — a battle which saw not only the defeat of Raymond of Toulouse and his Occitan allies — but also the death of Peter of Aragon — and the effective end of the ambitions of the house of Aragon / Barcelona in the Languedoc.

The independence of the princes of the Languedoc was at an end.

The last known Cathar perfectus in the Languedoc, Guillaume Bélibaste, was executed in 1321.

Firmin Abauzit was born of Protestant parents at Uzès, in Languedoc.

The kingdom was vulnerable: war was still going on in the County of Toulouse, and the royal army was occupied fighting resistance in Languedoc.

Guy was born in Saint-Gilles-du-Gard in the Languedoc region of France.

He was born in 1310 in the Castle of Grizac in the French region of Languedoc ( today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, department of Lozère ), the son of William de Grimoard, Lord of Bellegarde, and of Amphélise de Montferrand.

The next largest concentration is found in the Languedoc where it was first planted around the town of Limoux and up to 30 % can be blended with Mauzac in the sparkling Blanquette de Limoux.

At the outbreak of the Hundred Years ' War in 1337 he allied with King Philip VI of France and even was governor of Languedoc from 30 November 1338 to November 1340.

Toulouse was the capital of the former province of Languedoc ( provinces were abolished during the French Revolution ), the former Visigothic Kingdom and was the capital of the historical region of Occitania ( Southern France ).

There would later be a SNCASE SE. 161 Languedoc build, which was a much more successful plane, and over 100 of these were built, with 40 of them being placed into service through Air-France.

He was born at Bagnols in Languedoc, France.

It was created from part of the former province of Languedoc.

The regency lasted until 1388, Philip taking the dominant role: Louis of Anjou was fighting for his claim to the Kingdom of Naples after 1382, dying in 1384, John of Berry was interested mainly in the Languedoc, and not particularly interested in politics ; whilst Louis of Bourbon was a largely unimportant figure, due to his personality ( he showed signs of mental instability ) and his status ( since he was not the son of a King ).

His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349.

His share was based in the centre of the Frankish Kingdom, with his capital at Soissons, and consisted of the Parisian basin, the Massif Central, the Languedoc, Provence, Burgundy, southern Austrasia, Alsace and Alemannia ; the regions were poorly integrated and surrounded by those bequeathed to Charlemagne, and, although Carloman's territories were easier to defend than those of Charlemagne, they were also poorer in income.

Pisa's trade with the Languedoc and Provence ( Noli, Savona, Fréjus and Montpellier ) were an obstacle to the Genoese interests in cities like Hyères, Fos, Antibes and Marseille.

On James ' death, the lands of the Crown of Aragon were divided, with Aragon and Valencia, along with the Catalan counties, going to the eldest son, Peter, while the Balearic Islands ( constituted as the Kingdom of Majorca ), alongside the territories in the Languedoc ( Montpellier and Roussillon ), went to the second son, James.

The provinces of Quercy and Rouergue, despite their old ties with Toulouse, were not incorporated into the gouvernement of Languedoc, instead being attached to the gouvernement of Guienne and its far-away capital Bordeaux.

It was also in charge of registering new royal edicts and laws, and could decide to block them if it found them to be in contravention with the liberties and laws of Languedoc.

Typical view of the mountainous Cévennes area in the thinly-populated interior of Languedoc: plateaus ( the Causses ) with deep river canyons

Population of the coast of Languedoc as well as the region of Toulouse is rather young, educated, and affluent, whereas in the interior the population tends to be much older, with significantly lower incomes, and with a lower percentage of high school and especially college graduates.

Property in the Languedoc is quite varied and ranges from beautiful newly built villas with swimming pools and tennis courts, to rambling old village houses set into the old ramparts of ancient fortified towns.

When Innocent III's diplomatic attempts to roll back Catharism met with little success and after the murder of the papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau, Innocent III declared a crusade against Languedoc, offering the lands of the Cathar " heretics " to any French nobleman willing to take up arms.

Deriving from earlier varieties of gnosticism, Cathar theology found its most surprising success in the Languedoc and the Cathars were known as Albigensians, either because of an association with the city of Albi, or because the 1176 Church Council which declared the Cathar doctrine heretical was held near Albi.

The flag of the region, which displayed the cross of Languedoc as well as the Flag of Roussillon ( the " Senyera "), was changed for a new flag with no reference to the old provinces, except in terms of the colors ( red and yellow ), which are the colors of both Languedoc and all the territories from the former Crown of Aragon.

Garrick was born at Hereford, into a family with French Huguenot roots that could be traced to the Languedoc region of Southern France.

Trey has several custom Languedoc hollowbody electric guitars, which make use of set maple necks with 24-fret ebony fret boards and dual Seymour Duncan SH-1 ' 59 humbucker pickups.

In 1662, Pierre-Paul Riquet, a rich tax-farmer in the Languedoc region, who knew the region intimately, believed he could solve the problem, but he first had to persuade Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the finance minister of Louis XIV, which he did through his friendship with the Archbishop of Toulouse.

The historical makeup of Midi-Pyrénées is even more complex, as the provinces listed here are further subdivided into pays ( literally " countries "), with each their peculiarities and particular identities, such as Armagnac, Astarac, or Lomagne inside the Gascogne part of Midi-Pyrénées, Lauragais or Volvestre inside the Languedoc part of Midi-Pyrénées, Bonezan inside County of Foix, Lavedan inside Bigorre, and so on.

* On the other hand, there are those who stress the past of Toulouse, referring to the former County of Toulouse which extended to the Mediterranean Coast, and who would like to merge Midi-Pyrénées with Languedoc-Roussillon in order to create a large Languedoc region.

Also, people in Roussillon, with their distinct Catalan culture, might object to being incorporated into a very large Languedoc region where their identity could become diluted.

The Cathars were largely a homegrown, Western European / Latin Christian phenomenon, springing up in the Rhineland cities ( particularly Cologne ) in the mid-12th century, northern France around the same time, and particularly southern France — the Languedoc — and the northern Italian cities in the mid-late 12th century.

In the Languedoc and northern Italy, the Cathars would enjoy their greatest popularity, surviving in the Languedoc, in much reduced form, up to around 1325 and in the Italian cities until the Inquisitions of the 1260s – 1300s finally rooted them out.

Saint Dominic met and debated the Cathars in 1203 during his mission to the Languedoc.

There followed twenty years of war against the Cathars and their allies in the Languedoc: the Albigensian Crusade.

The Cathars: Dualist heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages.

A new take on Catharism in Languedoc — argues against any kind of doctrinal unity of mid-13th-century Cathars.

Cathars outside of Languedoc

The Cathars did not recognize the authority of the French king or, evidently, the Catholic Church, and so initially a delegation of friars was sent out to assess the situation in the province of Languedoc.

During the 1990s, after a teaching exchange visit to Paul Valery University in Montpellier inspired an interest in the Cathars of Southern France, he started working on Languedoc Variorum: A Defense of Heresy and Heretics.