In the federal system, Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 ( i )( 4 ) provides that the court must " address the defendant personally in order to permit the defendant to speak or present any information to mitigate the sentence.

Upon receiving an Alford guilty plea from a defendant, the court may immediately pronounce the defendant guilty and impose sentence as if the defendant had otherwise been convicted of the crime.

Although the Hebrew Bible has many references to capital punishment, the Jewish sages used their authority to make it nearly impossible for a Jewish court to impose a death sentence.

The tribunal suspended him for sixteen weeks, and although most people thought this was a fair ( or even lenient ) sentence, he took his case to the supreme court, gathering even more unwanted publicity for the club.

Vere immediately convenes a drumhead court-martial, at which, after serving as sole witness and as Billy's de facto counsel, Vere then urges the court to convict and sentence Billy to death.

In 1992, His Honour Deemster Callow passed the last-ever sentence of death in a court in the British Islands ( which was commuted to life imprisonment ).

The longest prison sentence in a Norwegian trial where the main charge was insider trading, was for 8 years ( where 2 of the years are suspended ) when Alain Angelil was convicted in a district court on December 9, 2011.

The system in Germany whereby citizens were tried by their peers chosen from the entire community in open court was gradually superseded by an " engine of tyranny and oppression " in which the " process of investigation is secret, and life and liberty depend on the sentence of a judge or judges appointed by the state ".

On May 28, 2004, the Diet of Japan enacted a law requiring selected citizens to take part in criminal court trials of certain severe crimes to make decisions together with professional judges, both on guilt and on the sentence.

This court ( lagmannsretten ) is administered by a three-judge panel ( usually 1 lagmann and 2 lagdommere ), and if 7 or more jury members want to convict, the sentence is set in a separate proceeding, consisting of the three judges and the jury foreman ( lagrettens ordfører ) and three other members of the jury chosen by ballot.

An appeals court panel restored her full sentence as of April 12, 2007.

In 12th and 13th century England, the ability to cite a particular passage from the Bible entitled a common law defendant to the so-called benefit of clergy, i. e. trial before an ecclesiastical court, where sentences were more lenient, instead of a secular one, where hanging was a likely sentence.

Even though this sentence may be somewhat ambiguous to some laypersons, who can, and who have actually interpreted it as meaning that they will not get a lawyer until they confess and are arraigned in court, the U. S. Supreme Court has approved of it as an accurate description of the procedure in those states.

Subsequently, the United States Supreme Court also allowed his conviction to stand but ordered the appeals court to reconsider its decision as to the sentence.

When the tests set out by the Rules are satisfied, the accused may be adjudged " not guilty by reason of insanity " or " guilty but insane " and the sentence may be a mandatory or discretionary ( but usually indeterminate ) period of treatment in a secure hospital facility, or otherwise at the discretion of the court ( depending on the country and the offence charged ) instead of a punitive disposal.

# Where the sentence for the offence to which the finding relates is fixed by law ( e. g. murder ), the court must make a hospital order restricting discharge without limitation of time.

* 1849 – A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group ; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.

* 1986 – Nezar Hindawi is sentenced to 45 years in prison, the longest sentence handed down by a British court, for the attempted bombing on an El Al flight at Heathrow.

An 11 ( c )( 1 )( B ) agreement does not bind the court ; the prosecutor's recommendation is merely advisory, and the defendant cannot withdraw his plea if the court decides to impose a sentence other than what was stipulated in the agreement.

When such an agreement is proposed, the court can reject it if it disagrees with the proposed sentence, in which case the defendant has an opportunity to withdraw his plea.

If the request for plea bargain is accepted by the court, the accused stands convicted but neither is sentenced if in trial nor undergoes any sentence previously pronounced by a lower court if in appeal.

The procedure is called “ voluntary submission to a penalty ” and allows the court to pass an agreed sentence without reviewing the evidence, what significantly shortens the trial.

On June 9, 2010, Rothstein received a 50-year prison sentence after a hearing in federal court in Fort Lauderdale.

It purports to be a letter from Steele to a friend at court, who, in Miss Blanchard's opinion, could only be meant as Swift.

What better affirmative step could be taken to this end than repeal of the Connally amendment -- an act which could expose the United States to no practical risk yet would put an end to our self-judging attitude toward the court, enable us to utilize it, and advance in a tangible way the cause of international law and order??

At the outset, the Government's spokesman explained that counsel for the Government and for Du Pont had already held preliminary discussions with a view to arriving at a relief plan that both sides could recommend to the court.

Du Pont would be enjoined from having as a director, officer, or employee anyone who was simultaneously an officer or employee of General Motors, and no director, officer, or employee of Du Pont could serve as a director of General Motors without court approval.

In July 1862, the Second Confiscation Act was passed, which set up court procedures that could free the slaves of anyone convicted of aiding the rebellion.

The lawyer is an officer of the court and knows that a false swearing by him, if found out, could be grounds for severe penalty up to and including disbarment.

" Eleanor Audeley ", wife of Sir John Davies, is said to have been brought before the High Commission in 1634 for extravagances, stimulated by the discovery that her name could be transposed to " Reveale, O Daniel ", and to have been laughed out of court by another anagram submitted by Sir John Lambe, the dean of the Arches, " Dame Eleanor Davies ", " Never soe mad a ladie ".

These immigrants immediately created a faction among the Portuguese court, aiming at privileges and power that, somehow, could compensate what they lost at home.

A group of the aristocrats of his court, scandalised by Andrew's generosity towards his wife's relatives and followers, planned to offer the throne to his cousins, who had been living in the court of the Emperor Theodore I Lascaris of Nicaea, but their envoy was arrested and Andrew could overcome the conspiracy.

The terms of the Artistic License 1. 0 were at issue in a 2007 federal district court decision in the US which was criticized by some for suggesting that FOSS-like licenses could only be enforced through contract law rather than through copyright law, in contexts where contract damages would be difficult to establish.

While administrative decision-making bodies are often controlled by larger governmental units, their decisions could be reviewed by a court of general jurisdiction under some principle of judicial review based upon due process ( United States ) or fundamental justice ( Canada ).

As all the convict records had been left behind in England, he could not do so, and the court ordered the captain to make restitution.

A major modification to Noth's theory was made in 1973 by the American scholar Frank M. Cross, to the effect that two editions of the history could be distinguished, the first and more important from the court of king Josiah in the late 7th century, and the second Noth's 6th century Exilic history, and other scholars have detected many more authors / editors than either Noth or Cross allowed for.

Sometimes the problem is not that a statute is unconstitutional, but the application of it is, on a particular occasion, and a court may decide that while there are ways it could be applied that are constitutional, that instance was not allowed or legitimate.

Before 1873, England had two parallel court systems: courts of " law " that could only award money damages and recognized only the legal owner of property, and courts of " equity " ( courts of chancery ) that could issue injunctive relief ( that is, a court order to a party to do something, give something to someone, or stop doing something ) and recognized trusts of property.

The Winterbottom court recognized that there would be " absurd and outrageous consequences " if an injured person could sue any person peripherally involved, and knew it had to draw a line somewhere, a limit on the causal connection between the negligent conduct and the injury.

In Cadillac Motor Car Co. v. Johnson, ( decided in 1915 by the federal appeals court for New York and several neighboring states ), the court held that a car owner could not recover for injuries from a defective wheel, when the automobile owner had a contract only with the automobile dealer and not with the manufacturer, even though there was " no question that the wheel was made of dead and ‘ dozy ‘ wood, quite insufficient for its purposes.

Nevertheless, Constantine identified the site of Byzantium as the right place: a place where an emperor could sit, readily defended, with easy access to the Danube or the Euphrates frontiers, his court supplied from the rich gardens and sophisticated workshops of Roman Asia, his treasuries filled by the wealthiest provinces of the Empire.

* Victims, on their own, may lack the economies of scale that could allow them to administer a penal system, let alone to collect any fines levied by a court.