One of the suspended players later took a claim for discrimination on the grounds of belief to an employment tribunal.

When the Supreme Court granted an injunction prohibiting the tribunal as constituted from hearing the misconduct allegations, five Supreme Court Justices were suspended ( and two were subsequently removed ), and the injunction overturned.

For this action, Haddock was brought before an admiralty tribunal in 1674, where he was ordered to forfeit all profits from the transaction and suspended from his command for six months.

By September 2004, the Tribunal had sat on 286 days but sittings were suspended pending a High Court hearing in which mobile phone entrepreneur Denis O ' Brien tried unsuccessfully to prevent the tribunal from investigating Michael Lowry's involvement in his purchase of Doncaster Rovers F. C ..

Judd denied that he intended to hurt Adams, but the tribunal found him guilty and suspended him for four matches.

However, a post-season appeal to the tribunal on the grounds that Essendon Royals had fielded a suspended player ( Ilcho Mladenovski in round 24 ) saw the Royals deducted a point and relegated.

States and individuals who subscribe to this view opine that, in the case of the individual responsible for violation of international law, he " is become, like the pirate and the slave trader before him, hostis humani generis, an enemy of all mankind ", and thus subject to prosecution in a fair trial before any fundamentally just tribunal, through the exercise of universal jurisdiction.

On March 7, 2003, the war tribunal Special Court for Sierra Leone ( SCSL ) decided to summon Charles Taylor and charge him with war crimes and crimes against humanity, but they kept this decision and this charge secret until June that year.

He advanced still further under Pope Benedict XIII, who made him prefect of the judicial tribunal known as the Segnatura di Giustizia.

The move caused some controversy in Serbia, as Belgrade regarded him as a war criminal, though he was never indicted by the Hague tribunal.

The Court of Cassation quashed the sentence, through defect of form, and sent Babeuf for a new trial before the Aisne tribunal, which acquitted him on 18 July 1794, only days before the Thermidorian Reaction.

As with other combatants, he is still protected by the Third Geneva Convention ( GCIII ), until a competent tribunal finds him to be in violation of his parole.

From 25 August to 3 September 1792, he was held at Nivelles ; then transferred to Luxemburg where an Austrian-Prussian-French royalist military tribunal declared him, César de La Tour-Maubourg, Jean Bureaux de Pusy, and Alexandre de Lameth, all previously deputies in the French National Convention, to be " prisoners of state " for their leading roles in the Revolution.

The Church tribunal convicted Frank as a teacher of heresy, and imprisoned him in the monastery of Częstochowa.

Additionally, many years later Frank Dunlop made allegations before the planning tribunal that he had informed Bruton about demands for a £ 250, 000 bribe made to him by a Fine Gael Dublin councillor, Tom Hand, in order to rezone the Quarryvale development.

But, in his own evidence to the tribunal in 2007, Dunlop himself said that he had not mentioned any figure of 250, 000 to Bruton in his 1993 conversation with him.

Grandier was arrested, interrogated and tried by an ecclesiastical tribunal, which acquitted him.

Hartmann made a complaint to the Kommandants office, asking for a representative from Moscow and an international inspection, as well as a tribunal, to acquit him of his unlawful conviction.

" While we will not hesitate to send those found with cases to answer before the special military tribunal, no person will be kept in detention a-day longer than necessary if investigations have not so far incriminated him.

In March 1968, Soares was arrested again by PIDE, and a military tribunal sentenced him to banishment in the colony of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea.

It was his first national exposure, and won him acclaim when he successfully won a $ 15 million award from the tribunal.

Lawlor appeared at the Tribunal several times and was imprisoned on three occasions ( in January 2001, January 2002 and February 2002, for a total of six weeks ) in Mountjoy Prison for contempt of court arising from Orders of the High Court requiring him to co-operate with the tribunal.

The independent tribunal that followed on 7 – 8 September, hosted by Sports Resolutions ( UK ) and chaired by Ian Mill QC, concurred that the WPBSA was right to conclude that Higgins had truthfully accounted for his words and actions and to withdraw the more serious charges of match-fixing, but found him guilty of ' giving the impression ' he would breach betting rules, and of failing to report the approach made by the News of the World.

" Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law.

The tribunal then separated Castro from the proceedings and granted him a separate trial.

A committed Christian also, he declared himself a conscientious objector, and was required to appear before a tribunal which, recognising the firmness of his beliefs, registered him unconditionally.

However, after appealing the decision, a tribunal under Pierre Trudeau reinstated him.

He maintained that Oviedo was the target of political persecution and that the military tribunal that convicted him for his alleged participation in a subversive plot was illegal according to the constitution, as it had been conducted in time of peace.

To silence him his enemies then denounced him to that tribunal, and he was cited to appear before the Holy Office at Coimbra to answer points smacking of heresy in his sermons, conversations and writings.

John Adams asserted in the Continental Congress' Declaration of Rights that the demands of the colonies were in accordance with their charters, the British Constitution and the common law, and Jefferson appealed in the Declaration of Independence `` to the tribunal of the world '' for support of a revolution justified by `` the laws of nature and of nature's God ''.

A sham trial before a military tribunal in Salonika was held in May 1917 for Apis and others.

Two days after Bloody Sunday, the Westminster Parliament adopted a resolution for a tribunal into the events of the day, resulting in Prime Minister Edward Heath commissioning the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Widgery to undertake it.

* the standard of review and degree of deference given by an appellate tribunal to the decision of the lower tribunal under review ( issues of law are reviewed de novo, that is, " as if new " from scratch by the appellate tribunal, while most issues of equity are reviewed for " abuse of discretion ," that is, with great deference to the tribunal below ).

On October 4, 2004, the Cambodian National Assembly ratified an agreement with the United Nations on the establishment of a tribunal to try senior leaders responsible for the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge.

Article 6 provides a detailed right to a fair trial, including the right to a public hearing before an independent and impartial tribunal within reasonable time, the presumption of innocence, and other minimum rights for those charged with a criminal offence ( adequate time and facilities to prepare their defence, access to legal representation, right to examine witnesses against them or have them examined, right to the free assistance of an interpreter ).

It was innovative for the time, in being both the first ever treaty for a truly international court ( as opposed to a mere arbitral tribunal ), and in providing individuals with access to the court, going against the prevailing doctrines of international law at the time, according to which only states had rights and duties under international law.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 808 of February 22, 1993 decided that " an international tribunal shall be established for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991 " and calling on the Secretary-General to " submit for consideration by the Council … a report on all aspects of this matter, including specific proposals and where appropriate options … taking into account suggestions put forward in this regard by Member States ".

* 2000 – A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats to up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Muslims in a Bosnian village.

But if the jurisdiction claimed is concurrent, or as in the case of International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ), the international tribunal is to prevail over national courts, the problems are more difficult to resolve politically.

Under international pressure, President Sirleaf requested in March 2006 that Nigeria extradite Charles Taylor, who was then brought before an international tribunal in Sierra Leone to face charges of crimes against humanity, arising from events during the Sierra Leone civil war ( his trial was later transferred to The Hague for security purposes ).

Saint Joan of Arc-whose Catholic piety and orthodoxy are attested in numerous documents ( such as the letter she dictated threatening to lead a crusade against the Hussites ), and who was executed by the English for what even the tribunal members later admitted were political reasons-was rewritten as a pagan martyr by Murray.

* 1948 – In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials, including General Hideki Tojo, to death for their roles in World War II.

On 4 October 2001, it is believed that the Taliban covertly offered to turn bin Laden over to Pakistan for trial in an international tribunal that operated according to Islamic shar ' ia law.

In common law legal systems, a precedent or authority is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.