Intake stroke: The first stroke of the internal combustion engine is also known as the suction stroke because the piston moves to the maximum volume position ( downward direction in the cylinder ).

When the piston moves further down and the cylinder doesn't have anymore gases, fuel mixture starts to flow to the combustion chamber and the second process of fuel compression starts.

Operation: When the piston moves from bottom dead center ( BDC ) to top dead center ( TDC ) the fresh air and fuel mixture enters the crank chamber through the intake port.

Due to the expansion of the gases the piston moves downwards covering the intake port and compressing the fuel-air mixture inside the crank chamber.

Again the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center and the fuel-air mixture is compressed when the both the exhaust port and transfer ports are covered.

In the diesel cycle, diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder so that combustion occurs at constant pressure, as the piston moves.

A floating caliper ( also called a " sliding caliper ") moves with respect to the disc, along a line parallel to the axis of rotation of the disc ; a piston on one side of the disc pushes the inner brake pad until it makes contact with the braking surface, then pulls the caliper body with the outer brake pad so pressure is applied to both sides of the disc.

As the piston initially moves upwards in what is traditionally the compression stroke, the charge is partially expelled back out the still-open intake valve.

All functions are controlled solely by the piston covering and uncovering the ports as it moves up and down in the cylinder.

As the piston moves upward, driven by the depression of the plunger, a vacuum is created in the space left vacant by the piston.

* Process 1-2 is an isentropic compression of the air as the piston moves from bottom dead centre ( BDC ) to top dead centre ( TDC ).

On smaller engines the connecting rod links the piston and the crankshaft directly, but this transmits transverse forces to the piston, since the crankpin ( and thus the direction the force is applied ) moves from side to side with the rotary motion of the crank.

Hydraulic or air powered airless provide a more uniform pressure control since the paint piston moves at a constant speed except when it changes direction.

* From a to b. The warm piston moves to the right while the cold piston is fixed.

* From c to d. The cold piston moves to the right while the warm piston is fixed.

From left to right it consists of: a piston which moves back and forth ; a heat exchanger X₁ ( after cooler ) where heat is released at room temperature ( T < sub > a </ sub >) to cooling water or to the surroundings ; a regenerator ; a heat exchanger X < sub > L </ sub > at low temperature ( T < sub > L </ sub >) where heat is absorbed from the application ; a tube, often called the pulse tube ; a heat exchanger X₃ to room temperature ( T < sub > a </ sub >); a flow resistance ( orifice ); a buffer volume, in which the pressure p < sub > B </ sub > is practically constant.

The air is compressed by the piston ( black ) as the piston moves upward.

The air expands and does work on the piston as it moves upward.

As a piston moves back and forth, a connecting rod changes its angle ; its distal end has a rotating link to the crankshaft.

* The piston acts as the combustion chamber with the cylinder and compresses the air / fuel mixture, receives back the liberated energy, and transfers it to the crankshaft.

Wisely, the company had not totally turned its back on piston engines, as it continued to produce a variety of four-cylinder models throughout the 1970s.

Crocodilians also rely on the hepatic piston method, in which the liver is pulled back by a muscle anchored to the pubic bone ( part of the pelvis ), which in turn pulls the bottom of the lungs backward, expanding them.

The first method, called a " gas piston ," uses the high pressure gas ported from the barrel to drive an enclosed piston back against an operating rod or linkage ( they are often one piece ), which in turn unlocks the bolt and drives it rearward, ejecting the spent case and cocking the hammer or striker spring.

Von Guericke then attached his evacuated Receiver to the space below the piston and succeeded in drawing the piston back down again against the force of the men pulling it up.

Simple techniques like adding chamfers to linings, greasing or gluing the contact between caliper and the pads ( finger to backplate, piston to backplate ), bonding insulators ( damping material ) to pad backplate, inclusion of a brake shim between the brake pad and back plate, etc.

The problem comes about because in " forwards " running the major thrust face of the piston is on the back face of the cylinder which, in a two-stroke particularly, is the coolest and best lubricated part.

The fire was then removed, allowing the cylinder to cool, which condensed steam back into water, thus creating a vacuum beneath the piston.

The resulting massive pressure from the combustion of the compressed fuel-air mixture forces the piston back down toward bottom dead centre.

The displacer is a special-purpose piston, used in Beta and Gamma type Stirling engines, to move the working gas back and forth between the hot and cold heat exchangers.

( 28 cm ) at its widest point ; a subcaliber piston at the back of the shell was inserted into the launcher's barrel for firing.

The gas pressure created by the deflagrating low explosive exerts a large force on a piston holding back oil.

This system is in contrast to the more common type of gas-operated system, in which gasses are tapped off from the barrel, and push back on a piston to open the breech to the rear.

This is as opposed to the more common type of gas-actuated system, in which gases are tapped off from the barrel, and push back on a piston to open the breech to the rear.

When the barrel recoiled, the piston was pulled back by the barrel's recoil and thus pushed the oil through a small orifice and into a second cylinder placed underneath.

The pressure of the compressed air pushes back on the up-going piston, tending to slow the vehicle.

But, without a compression release mechanism, as the piston passes through top dead center and heads back down again, the compressed air in the cylinder acts as a spring and pushes the piston down, returning most of the work done in compression back to the crankshaft, creating very little braking effect.

The rapid expansion of combustion gases then drives the piston downward, supplying power to the crankshaft.

The most common method in spark-ignition two-strokes is to use the downward motion of the piston to pressurize fresh charge in the crankcase, which is then blown through the cylinder through ports in the cylinder walls.

As the piston proceeds downward another port is opened, the fuel / air intake port.

In most piston engines, intake gases are " pulled " into the engine by the downward stroke of the piston ( which creates a low-pressure area ), similar to drawing liquid using a syringe.

The result was a frighteningly real explosion and iconic " mushroom cloud " created by injecting oil-based paints and inks downward into a water tank with a piston, filmed at high speed with the camera mounted upside down.

When starting the engine, compressed air is admitted to whichever cylinder has a piston just over top dead center, forcing it downward.

The Otto engine was designed as a stationary engine and in the action of the engine, the stroke is an upward or downward movement of a piston in a cylinder.

Used later in an adapted form as an automobile engine, four strokes are involved: ( 1 ) downward intake stroke — coal-gas and air enter the piston chamber, ( 2 ) upward compression stroke — the piston compresses the mixture, ( 3 ) downward power stroke — ignites the fuel mixture by electric spark, and ( 4 ) upward exhaust stroke — releases exhaust gas from the piston chamber.

The cylinder is closed by a piston on which a series of weights are placed that exert a downward force on the piston and thereby energizes the fluid in the cylinder.

However, with the jake brake in operation, the compressed air is suddenly released just before the piston begins its downward travel.

In Watt's new double-acting engine, the piston produced power on both the upward and downward strokes, so a chain could not be used to transmit the force to the beam.

Due to the downward movement of the pistons and the restriction caused by the throttle valve, in a reciprocating spark ignition piston engine, a partial vacuum ( lower than atmospheric pressure ) exists in the intake manifold.

As the piston travels downward, the fuel / air charge is pushed from the crankcase and into the cylinder.

Upon charging the air system to the correct pressure, compressed air is injected into the central column pushing the piston rapidly downward.

As the piston moves down, it pulls the cable downward over the pulley at the top, propelling the seat carriage up the outside of the tower.

The burnt fuel creates pressure in the cylinder above the piston and forces it downward.