Intake stroke: The first stroke of the internal combustion engine is also known as the suction stroke because the piston moves to the maximum volume position ( downward direction in the cylinder ).

When the piston moves further down and the cylinder doesn't have anymore gases, fuel mixture starts to flow to the combustion chamber and the second process of fuel compression starts.

Operation: When the piston moves from bottom dead center ( BDC ) to top dead center ( TDC ) the fresh air and fuel mixture enters the crank chamber through the intake port.

Due to the expansion of the gases the piston moves downwards covering the intake port and compressing the fuel-air mixture inside the crank chamber.

Again the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center and the fuel-air mixture is compressed when the both the exhaust port and transfer ports are covered.

In the diesel cycle, diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder so that combustion occurs at constant pressure, as the piston moves.

A floating caliper ( also called a " sliding caliper ") moves with respect to the disc, along a line parallel to the axis of rotation of the disc ; a piston on one side of the disc pushes the inner brake pad until it makes contact with the braking surface, then pulls the caliper body with the outer brake pad so pressure is applied to both sides of the disc.

As the piston initially moves upwards in what is traditionally the compression stroke, the charge is partially expelled back out the still-open intake valve.

All functions are controlled solely by the piston covering and uncovering the ports as it moves up and down in the cylinder.

* Process 1-2 is an isentropic compression of the air as the piston moves from bottom dead centre ( BDC ) to top dead centre ( TDC ).

On smaller engines the connecting rod links the piston and the crankshaft directly, but this transmits transverse forces to the piston, since the crankpin ( and thus the direction the force is applied ) moves from side to side with the rotary motion of the crank.

Hydraulic or air powered airless provide a more uniform pressure control since the paint piston moves at a constant speed except when it changes direction.

* From a to b. The warm piston moves to the right while the cold piston is fixed.

* From c to d. The cold piston moves to the right while the warm piston is fixed.

From left to right it consists of: a piston which moves back and forth ; a heat exchanger X₁ ( after cooler ) where heat is released at room temperature ( T < sub > a </ sub >) to cooling water or to the surroundings ; a regenerator ; a heat exchanger X < sub > L </ sub > at low temperature ( T < sub > L </ sub >) where heat is absorbed from the application ; a tube, often called the pulse tube ; a heat exchanger X₃ to room temperature ( T < sub > a </ sub >); a flow resistance ( orifice ); a buffer volume, in which the pressure p < sub > B </ sub > is practically constant.

The air is compressed by the piston ( black ) as the piston moves upward.

The air expands and does work on the piston as it moves upward.

As the piston moves back downward in the exhaust stroke, hot air is pushed back through the regenerator, which reclaims most of the heat, before passing out the exhaust port ( left ) as cool air.

As a piston moves back and forth, a connecting rod changes its angle ; its distal end has a rotating link to the crankshaft.

Compression stroke: In this stroke, both valves are closed and the piston starts its movement to the minimum volume position ( upward direction in the cylinder ) and compresses the fuel mixture.

The Otto engine was designed as a stationary engine and in the action of the engine, the stroke is an upward or downward movement of a piston in a cylinder.

Used later in an adapted form as an automobile engine, four strokes are involved: ( 1 ) downward intake stroke — coal-gas and air enter the piston chamber, ( 2 ) upward compression stroke — the piston compresses the mixture, ( 3 ) downward power stroke — ignites the fuel mixture by electric spark, and ( 4 ) upward exhaust stroke — releases exhaust gas from the piston chamber.

These are essentially miniature shock absorbers ( dampeners ) that are fixed to the vehicle in a location such that the suspension will contact the end of the piston when it nears the upward travel limit.

) Having lost the energy stored within the compressed air, the engine is then made to pull the piston down ( which sucks new air into the cylinder ), and then travel upward again, compressing the new volume of air, which will again be released to the atmosphere after having been compressed.

In Watt's new double-acting engine, the piston produced power on both the upward and downward strokes, so a chain could not be used to transmit the force to the beam.

As the piston travels upward in the cylinder, it creates low pressure area in the crankcase ; this draws fresh air and atomized fuel from the carburetor through a hole in the cylinder wall or directly into the crankcase.

As the piston continues travelling upward, transfer ports and the exhaust ports are closed off, thus trapping the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber.

As the tubing is being run into a well, the fluid in the well must move upward to exit the volume being entered by the tubing. The combination of the downward movement of the tubing and the upward movement of the fluid ( or piston effect ) results in an increase in pressure at any given point in the well. This increase in pressure is commonly called Surge pressure.

It was built in 1997, driven by DC motors connected to a rotary crankshaft somewhat like in a piston engine.

The turbocharger is basically a compact and simple free shaft radial gas turbine which is driven by the piston engine's exhaust gas.

The SR. N1 was powered by one ( piston ) engine, driven by expelled air.

# The two piston alpha type design has pistons in independent cylinders, and gas is driven between the hot and cold spaces.

One of Convair's most famous products was the 10-engined Convair B-36 strategic bomber, burning four turbojets and turning six pusher props driven by Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major radial piston engines.

Unfortunately, although the trade-off of speed versus torque can be adjusted in favour of torque and tractive effort by reducing the size of the driving wheels, there is a practical limit below which this cannot be done without making the piston stroke too short on a directly driven locomotive.

The piston, or lever, driven machine was developed in Italy in 1945 by Achille Gaggia, founder of espresso machine manufacturer Gaggia.

Cessna 150J two place, piston powered propeller driven, tricycle gear, light single.

Although the system has been driven from its equilibrium state by only an infinitesimal amount, heat has been irreversibly lost due to friction, and cannot be recovered by simply moving the piston infinitesimally in the opposite direction.

On a conventional, non-articulated locomotive, the driving wheels are all coupled together with side rods ( also known as coupling rods ); normally one pair is directly driven by the main rod ( or connecting rod ) which is connected to the end of the piston rod ; power is transmitted to the others through the side rods.

Some direct drive piston pumps are driven by a gasoline engine with pressure control via an electric clutch.

In most direct drive piston pumps, the piston is crankshaft driven in which the piston will be constantly changing speed.

Previous flight attempts starting in April 1941 by the first prototype airframe had been driven by a Junkers Jumo 210 piston engine, spinning a propeller in the fuselage's nose before any of its intended jet engines were flight-ready.

Upon launch the missile is shot out of the tube, mortar-fashion, by a piston, driven by the expansion of gases from a slow-burning black powder charge inside the piston.

Aircraft were primarily piston driven propeller aircraft of the WW2 era although Bi-Planes and Tri Planes were included in the WW1 arena and there were two jet aircraft but for online play they were only released on the occasional " Jet " night.

The blowback principle may be considered a simplified form of gas operation, since the cartridge case behaves like a piston driven by the powder gases.

A reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure.

The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression cylinder where it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion via a crankshaft, and is then discharged.

A screw thread driven by the piston engaged with the engine turning it over.

To many, the writing was on the wall for reciprocating piston driven steam locomotives, even though they would live on almost another 20 years.