Arnulf was granted the Duchy of Carinthia, a Frankish vassal state and successor of the ancient Principality of Carantania, by his father Carloman, after Carloman had become reconciled with his own father Louis the German and was created King of Bavaria.

In 1893 Mortimer Durand negotiated with Abdur Rahman Khan, the Durand Line Treaty for the demarcation of the frontier between Afghanistan, the FATA, North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan Provinces of Pakistan the successor state of British India.

After the reign of Augustus ' immediate successor Tiberius, being proclaimed imperator was transformed into the act of accession to the head of state.

Hence England and, by extension its modern successor state, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is in fact an Empire ruled by a King endowed with the imperial dignity.

Since FR Yugoslavia, ( renamed to Serbia and Montenegro and with membership negotiations later split in two ), is not recognised as a direct SFRY successor state ; therefore, its application is considered a new ( non-GATT ) one.

By the 1860s, the Russian Empire – continued as the Soviet Union – became the largest contiguous state in the world, and the latter's main successor, Russia, continues to be so to this day.

The monastic state of the Teutonic Order () and its later German successor states of Prussia however never were part of the Holy Roman Empire.

During the Cultural Revolution, following the downfall of Liu Shaoqi, who was Chairman of the People's Republic of China, no successor was named, so the duties of the head of state were transferred collectively to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

A head of state can be empowered to designate his successor, such as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell, who was succeeded by his son Richard.

Piłsudski's planned East European federation of states ( inspired by the tradition of the multiethnic " Republic of Both Nations " and including a hypothetical multinational successor state to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ) was incompatible, at the time of rising national movements, with his assumption of Polish domination and with the encroachment on the neighboring peoples ' lands and aspirations ; as such it was doomed to failure.

first united East Slavic state, was founded by Rurik's successor Oleg of Novgorod in 882.

" The PRC claim to sovereignty over Taiwan is generally based on the successor state theory, with the PRC claiming that it is the successor state to the Republic of China.

A successor state of the Western Turks, Khazar Khaganate ( simply Khazaria ) was a polyethnic-multifaith state with a population of Turkic, Uralic, Slavic, and Paleo-Caucasian peoples.

Since independence was granted in 1963 relations have been usually amicable, both being part of the Commonwealth of Nations, a successor to the empire which aims to promote mutual co-operation, democracy and other cultural values and ties with each member state.

Libyan Radio and TV ( LRT ) is the successor to the Gaddafi-era state broadcaster.

Libyan Radio and TV ( LRT ) is the successor to the Gaddafi-era state broadcaster.

In 774, Duke Arechis II of Benevento, whose duchy had only nominally been under royal authority, though certain kings had been effective at making their power known in the south, claimed that Benevento was the successor state of the kingdom.

Confusion overtook the state in the aftermath of Francia's death on September 20, 1840, because El Supremo, now ' El Difunto ' ( the Dead One ), had left no successor.

His successor Benedict XV named Gasparri as secretary of state and Gasparri took Pacelli with him into the Secretariat of State, making him undersecretary.

The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus ' was the Grand Duchy of Moscow (" Moscovy " in the Western chronicles ), initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal.

The Russian Federation is recognized in international law as successor state of the former Soviet Union.

Beyazıt ) was the oldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.

However, Jahangir's son and successor Shah Jahan perused the a goal of alliance with the Ottoman Empire.

The Treaty of Lausanne led to the international recognition of the sovereignty of the new Republic of Turkey as the successor state of the defunct Ottoman Empire.

The Permanent Court of International Justice and an International Court of Arbitration established by the Council of the League of Nations handed down rulings in 1925 which determined that Palestine and Transjordan were newly-created successor states of the Ottoman Empire as defined by international law.

As Louis had no legitimate children Ferdinand was elected as his successor in Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary, but the Hungarian throne was contested by John Zápolya, who ruled the areas of the kingdom conquered by the Turks as an Ottoman client.

* In the Ottoman empire, the sovereign of imperial rank ( incorrectly known in the west as ( Great ) sultan ) was styled padishah with a host of additional titles, reflecting his claim as political successor to the various conquered states.

After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, a Byzantine successor state was founded there with support of Queen Tamar of Georgia, the Empire of Trebizond, which ruled part of the Black Sea coast from Trebizond until 1461, when its ruler, David, surrendered to Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Empire.

It was officially used in the successor state, Serbian Despotate, until its annexation by the Ottoman Empire in 1459.

While the key ringleaders of the genocide were executed in the 1920s by Armenians ( see Operation Nemesis ), the Ottoman Empire's successor, the Republic of Turkey, effectively took a hold of all the possessions Armenians left behind and for decades vociferously insisted that a genocide had not taken place.

Kara Mahmud's brother, Ibrahim Bushati, cooperated with the Sublime Porte until his death in 1810, but his successor, Mustafa Pasha Bushati, proved to be recalcitrant despite participation in Ottoman military campaigns against Greek revolutionaries and rebel pashas.

These are the breakup of the Spanish Empire in the 19th century ; of the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires following World War I ; of the British, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Belgian and Italian colonial empires following World War II ; of the Russian Empire successor union following the Cold War ; and others.

Bethlen also supported Bocskay's successor Gabriel Báthory ( 1608 – 1613 ), but the prince became jealous of Bethlen's superior abilities and Bethlen was obliged to take refuge with the Turks of the Ottoman Empire.

Lazar's widow, Milica, who ruled as regent for her minor son Stefan Lazarević, Lazar's successor, accepted Ottoman suzerainty in the summer of 1390.

Kayser-i-Rûm " Caesar of the second Rome ", one of many subsidiary titles proclaiming the Ottoman Great Sultan ( main imperial title Padishah ) as ( Muslim ) successor to " Rum " as the Turks called the ( Christian ) Roman Empire ( as Byzantium had continued to call itself ), continuing to use the name for part of formerly Byzantine territory ( compare the Seljuk Rum-sultanate )

Evidence of this identification can be seen in many cases, such as when Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier to Suleiman, erected Roman-style statues in Constantinople despite it being against Islamic custom, stating that it was natural since the Ottoman Empire was the successor of Rome.

West and central European ... old fears have persisted to the present day and arguably have been transformed into cultural prejudices ... now being directed against the full membership of an Ottoman successor state, Turkey, into the European Union.

Popular legend has it that the two characters are actually based on two real persons who worked either for Osman I — the founder of the Ottoman dynasty — or for his successor Orhan I, in the construction of a palace or possibly a mosque at Bursa in the early 14th century.

The same year he joined the Siege of Malta with the Ottoman Egyptian fleet, and when Turgut Reis was killed during the siege, Piyale Pasha appointed Uluj Ali to become Turgut's successor as Bey of Tripoli.

Other successor states of the Ottoman empire also used the symbol, including Libya ( 1951 – 1969 and after 2011 ), Tunisia ( 1956 ) and Algeria ( 1958 ).

A number of Ottoman successor states adopted the design during the 20th century, including the Emirate of Cyrenaica and the Kingdom of Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and the proposed Arab Islamic Republic.

Today the flag is also used by Muslim-majority states which are not successor states of the Ottoman Empire.

It is deduced that Hemşin has been governed by local lords under the umbrella of the greater regional powers changing by the time namely the Bagratid Armenian kingdom, the Byzantine Empire, its successor the Empire of Trebizond, the Georgian Kingdom, the Kara Koyunlu and Ak Koyunlu Turkmen Confederations until it was annexed by the Ottoman Empire which collapsed as a result of the WW1 and gave birth to the Republic of Turkey.

In the First Battle of Kosovo, Sultan Murat I was the first Ottoman ruler to lose his life ; his successor Sultan Bayazid I went on to expand Ottoman territories significantly despite defeats in Wallachia, in his siege of Constantinople, and his crushing defeat in the battle of Ankara, in which he was captured and which resulted in a civil war for the succession.