Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal cords open and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed.

In linguistics, creaky voice ( sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation, vocal fry, or glottal fry ), is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together ; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact.

The glottis is defined as the combination of the vocal folds ( vocal cords ) and the space in between the folds ( the rima glottidis ).

If the vocal folds are drawn apart, air flows between them causing no vibration, as in the production of voiceless consonants.

* articulatory phonetics is concerned with the articulation of speech: The position, shape, and movement of articulators or speech organs, such as the lips, tongue, and vocal folds.

# The vocal folds in the larynx vibrate, creating fluctuations in air pressure that are known as sound waves.

The larynx or voice box is a cylindrical framework of cartilage that serves to anchor the vocal folds.

When the muscles of the vocal folds contract, the airflow from the lungs is impeded until the vocal folds are forced apart again by the increasing air pressure from the lungs.

In singing, the vibration frequency of the vocal folds determines the pitch of the sound produced.

Among some phoneticians, phonation is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration.

When this drop becomes sufficiently large, the vocal folds start to oscillate.

The minimum pressure drop required to achieve phonation is called the phonation threshold pressure, and for humans with normal vocal folds, it is approximately 2 – 3 cm H < sub > 2 </ sub > O.

The motion of the vocal folds during oscillation is mostly lateral, though there is also some superior component as well.

However, there is almost no motion along the length of the vocal folds.

The oscillation of the vocal folds serves to modulate the pressure and flow of the air through the larynx, and this modulated airflow is the main component of the sound of most voiced phones.

The vocal folds will not oscillate if they are not sufficiently close to one another, are not under sufficient tension or under too much tension, or if the pressure drop across the larynx is not sufficiently large.

Breathy voice ( also called murmured voice, soughing, or susurration ) is a phonation in which the vocal cords vibrate, as they do in normal ( modal ) voicing, but are held further apart, so that a larger volume of air escapes between them.

One is to hold the vocal cords apart, so that they are lax as they are for, but to increase the volume of airflow so that they vibrate loosely.

* The phonation of a consonant is how the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.

When the vocal cords vibrate fully, the consonant is called voiced ; when they do not vibrate at all, it is voiceless.

" Voice " or " voicing " distinguishes whether a particular sound is either " voiced " ( when the vocal cords vibrate ) or " unvoiced " ( when they do not ).

If the vocal cords are completely relaxed, with the arytenoid cartilages apart for maximum airflow, the cords do not vibrate.

In a prevocalic aspirated stop ( a stop followed by a vowel or sonorant ), the time when the vocal cords begin to vibrate will be delayed until the vocal folds come together enough for voicing to begin, and will usually start with breathy voicing.

In voiced stops, the vocal folds are set for voice before the release, and often vibrate during the entire hold, and in English, the voicing after release is not breathy.

The lung ( the pump ) must produce adequate airflow and air pressure to vibrate vocal folds ( this air pressure is the fuel of the voice ).

The vocal folds can be held close together ( by adducting the arytenoid cartilages ), so that they vibrate ( see phonation ).

Voicing can refer to the articulatory process in which the vocal cords vibrate.

At the articulatory level, a voiced sound is one in which the vocal cords vibrate, and a voiceless sound is one in which they do not.

For a vocalist to hit a note of this pitch, their vocal cords must vibrate at over 4, 000 times per second.

When a person prepares to speak, the vocal folds come together over the trachea and vibrate due to the airflow from the lungs.

If the vocal folds cannot meet together to vibrate, sound will not be produced.

Strident vowels ( also called sphincteric vowels ) are strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by ( ary ) epiglottal trill, where the larynx is raised and the pharynx constricted, so that either the epiglottis or the arytenoid cartilages vibrate instead of the vocal cords.

However, typically it is caused by some kind of interruption of the ability of the vocal folds to vibrate normally during exhalation.

For example, during typical normal phonation, the vocal folds come together to vibrate in a simple open / closed cycle modulating the airflow from the lungs.

According to the Source-Filter Theory, the resulting sound excites the resonance chamber that is the vocal tract to produce the individual speech sounds.

* Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal folds.

* Transverse arytenoid muscle adducts the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in adducted vocal folds.

US District Judge Stanley Sporkin was a vocal opponent of the practice during his review of the settlement resulting from United States v. Microsoft in 1994.

A situation can be considered where ( 1 ) the vocal fold valve is closed separating the supraglottal cavity from the subglottal cavity, ( 2 ) the mouth is open and, therefore, supraglottal air pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure, and ( 3 ) the lungs are contracted resulting in a subglottal pressure that has increased to a pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure.

The band's music continued to become more complex and symphonic, with heavy amounts of reverberation on the vocal tracks, resulting in 1969's To Our Children's Children's Children — a concept album inspired by the first moon landing.

There is also a persistent and oft-repeated story that the microphone for Ely was mounted too high for him to sing without tilting his head back excessively, resulting in his somewhat pinched and strangled sound through most of his vocal.

Porter brought a funkier bass style to the band and added his husky baritone to the voices of Johnston and Simmons, resulting in a rich three-part harmonic vocal blend.

They presumably come from another dimension, and at first contact, the ship's computer says that there are many vocal anomalies in their language resulting from their referring to concepts or phenomena for which there are no equivalents in human language.

The constituent tones result from similar patterns of vibration in the vocal folds, which can generate several different such patterns, each resulting in characteristic sounds within a particular range of pitches.

Affected persons have difficulty in swallowing ( dysphagia ) resulting from involvement of the nucleus ambiguus, as well as slurred speech ( dysarthria ) and disordered vocal quality ( dysphonia ).

Bell and Mayor Brown reconciled after the election — Bell endorsed Brown during the resulting runoff election and Brown was a vocal supporter for Bell's 2002 congressional bid.

A simultaneous drum break and vocal scream is heard roughly halfway through the recording ( courtesy of Moon, who knocked over his recording mic in the process, resulting in his crash cymbal being heard over the other percussion for the rest of the piece ), after which the band begins playing a powerful blues-rock section.

Cantometrics (" song measurements ") is a method developed by Alan Lomax and a team of researchers for relating elements of the world's traditional vocal music ( or folk songs ) to features of social organization as defined via George Murdock's Human Relations Area Files, resulting in a taxonomy of expressive human communications style.

After several performances, Nash began singing the missing high vocal harmony, resulting in him joining the group shortly thereafter.

Musically, the group evolved rapidly to include the new vocal elements in old and new tracks, resulting in a fresh, universal sound communicating to a wider audience.

The Cricothyroid muscle produces tension and elongation of the vocal folds by drawing up the arch of the cricoid cartilage and tilting back the upper border of the thyroid cartilage lamina ; the distance between the vocal processes and the angle of the thyroid is thus increased, and the folds are consequently elongated, resulting in higher pitch phonation.