The Kopet Dag Range is a region characterized by foothills, dry and sandy slopes, mountain plateaus, and steep ravines ; Mount Şahşah ( 2, 912 m ), also known as Mount Rizeh, southwest of Ashgabat, is the highest elevation of the Kopet Dag Range in Turkmenistan.

Ashgabat was also home to the Arch of Neutrality, a 250-foot-tall tripod crowned by a golden statue of late president Saparmurat Niyazov ( also known as Turkmenbashi, or leader of all Turkmen ).

The city is also connected to Ashgabat by bus and by Turkmenistan Airlines.

The city is connected with the Turkmen capital Ashgabat and Turkmen port city Türkmenbaşy by Turkmenistan Airlines and the M37 highway and also by train to all provinces all around Turkmenistan.

Nisa ( also Parthaunisa ) was an ancient city, located near modern-day Bagir village, 18 km southwest of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.

Weli ( Welimuhammet ) Muhadow (; also Weli Muhadow ; Bagyr, near Ashgabat, – January 2005 ) was a Turkmenistani composer.

Ashgabat is Aşgabat in Turkmen, Ашхабад ( Ashkhabad ) in Russian, and اشک آباد ( UniPers: Ešq-âbâd ) in Persian.

The name Ashgabat was restored in 1927 after the establishment of Turkmen SSR as a Soviet republic, though it was usually known by the Russian form Ashkhabad ().

In early October 1938 Maclean set out again, first for Ashkhabad ( Ashgabat, capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic ), then through the Kara Kum ( Black Desert ), not breaking his journey at either Tashkent or Samarkand, but pushing on to Kagan, the nearest point on the railway to Bokhara.

It passes through Ashgabat ( Ashkhabad ) and continues southeast, hugging the foothills of the Kopet Dagh mountains, and passing through Tedzhen.

Average annual temperatures range from highs of in Ashgabat to lows of in Daşoguz, on the Uzbek border in north-central Turkmenistan.

linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other Commonwealth of Independent States republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch ; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established ; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat ; satellite earth stations-1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat

One major highway runs westward from Mary, along the Iranian border through Ashgabat and then to Turkmenbashi on the Caspian Sea ; a second runs northwestward from the Afghanistan border through Turkmenabat, along the Uzbekistan border to Dashhowuz.

The main inland waterways are the Amu Darya River, which runs along the northern border, and the Garagum Canal, which runs from east to west from the Amu Darya near the Afghanistan border through Mary and Ashgabat to Turkmenbashi on the Caspian coast.

Flights are available from Ashgabat to China, Germany, India, Kazakhistan, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Uzbekistan.

It is not far from the site of Nisa, the ancient capital of the Parthian Empire, and it grew on the ruins of the Silk Road city of Konjikala, which was first mentioned as a wine-producing village in 2nd century BCE and was leveled by an earthquake in 1st century BCE ( a precursor of the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake ).

File: Ashgabat city park. jpg | View of the Ashgabat skyline from the Ashgabat city park

The line starts from the city of Kzyzl Su ( Krasnovodsk ) ( nowadays Turkmenbashi ) ( on the Caspian Sea ), travels southeast along the Karakum Desert, through Ashgabat, continues along the Kopet Dagh Mountains until it reaches Tejen.

In the 1880s, a railroad was built from Krasnovodsk to Ashgabat and later extended to Tashkent.

It is located at, at an altitude of 17 meters, some 400 kilometers from Ashgabat.

The new railway connection is expected to cut travel times between the two cities in half, bypassing the current circuitous route from Ashgabat through Mary and Lebap provinces and along the border with Uzbekistan.

Eventually they were relocated to Ashgabat ( from the Iranian border ), and York managed to bribe a smuggler, who helped them cross the border and reach a nearby British consulate on 11 May 1943.

Ashgabat is a relatively young city, growing out of a village of the same name established by Russian officers in 1881.

* Central Asia ( since 19th century ) ( Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Xinjiang )-19th Russian officers and soldiers, tradesmen, religious emigrants, 1920-1930s-industrialization, Soviet education program for Central Asia peoples, 1948, 1960-help for Ashgabat and Tashkent ruined by earthquakes-re-emigration in 1980s

In Ashgabat, it would be hard to find a person who did not speak Russian, however with recent efforts to revive the ancient culture of Turkmenistan, Turkmen is quickly regaining its place as the chief language of the state.

In the period 1900 to 1911, consultative bodies are known to have existed in Kenosha, Wisconsin, Boston, Massachusetts, Washington, D. C., Spokane, Washington, northern Hudson County, New Jersey, the greater San Francisco area, California, in the United States ; and in Bombay, British Raj India ; Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt ; Acre, Ottoman Syria ; Baku, Tbilisi, Ashgabat and Samarqand in the Russian Empire ; and Mashhad, Abadih, Qazvin, and Tabriz, Persia.

Danil Sergeyevich Burkenya (; born July 20, 1978 in Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR ) is a Russian track and field athlete who competes mainly in triple jump.

Other notable towns are Abadan ( formerly Büzmeýin, ) north-west of Ashgabat and Tejen in the south-east near the border with Mary Province.

In February 2006, the final construction phase began on the Trans-Garagum Railway, a direct link between Ashgabat and Dashhowuz that will halve travel time between the southern and northern borders.

It has a population of 695, 300 ( 2001 census estimate ), 2009 estimates around 1 million people in Ashgabat, and is situated between the Kara Kum desert and the Kopet Dag mountain range.

* October 6 – The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake kills 110, 000.

* link = European route E60-: Brest – Lorient – Vannes – Nantes – Angers – Tours – Orléans – Montargis – Auxerre – Beaune – Dole – Besançon – Belfort – Mulhouse – Basel – Zürich – Winterthur – St. Gallen – St. Margrethen – Bregenz – Feldkirch – Landeck – Telfs – Innsbruck – Lauterach – Feldkirch – Imst – Innsbruck – Wörgl – Rosenheim – Bad Reichenhall – Salzburg – Sattledt – Linz – Sankt Pölten – Vienna – Nickelsdorf – Mosonmagyaróvár – Budapest – Szolnok – Püspökladány – Oradea – Cluj-Napoca – Turda – Târgu Mureş – Braşov – Ploieşti – Bucharest – Urziceni – Slobozia – Hârşova – Constanţa-Agigea … Poti – Senaki-Samtredia-Kutaisi – Khashuri – Gori – Tbilisi – Rustavi – Ganja – Yevlakh – Baku … Türkmenbaşy – Gyzylarbat – Ashgabat – Tejen – Mary – Türkmenabat – Alat – Bukhara – Karshi – Guzar – Sherobod – Termez – Dushanbe – Jirgatal – Sary Tash – Irkeshtam

The Kopet Dag is undergoing tectonic transformation, meaning that the region is threatened by earthquakes such as the one that destroyed Ashgabat in 1948 and registered nine on the Richter scale.

In some places of Ashgabat, cable service is available where satellite dishes are not allowed to be installed.

Ashgabat is primarily a government and administrative centre.

The city is served by Ashgabat Airport.

The city Ashgabat is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the regions.

Ashgabat assembly building, where the Assembly of Turkmenistan is housed.

Ahal is known for the Geok Tepe battle of 1881, today the site of an imposing new mosque, and for the Baharden underground warm lake ( in the Kov Ata karst cave ), both west of Ashgabat.

The capital of Ahal Province is Anau ( or Annau ), a town on the south-eastern outskirts of Ashgabat.

Turkmenistan's largest city, Ashgabat, is located within the Ahal Province, but it has the status of a special capital district outside the provincial jurisdiction.

Turkmenistan Airlines () () is the flag carrier of Turkmenistan, headquartered in Ashgabat.

It is the western terminus of the Trans-Caspian railway, which connects the city to Turkmenistan's capital Ashgabat and points further east.

Balkanabat is about a four-hour taxi ride west of Ashgabat and a two-hour taxi ride east of the port city of Turkmenbashi.

The city is connected to Ashgabat by Turkmenistan Airlines, as well as by train and bus.