However, Eastern Aramaic dialects, as well as Akkadian and Mesopotamian Aramaic personal and family names, still survive to this day among Assyrians in the regions of northern Iraq, southeast Turkey, northwest Iran and northeast Syria that constituted old Assyria.

When the Assyrians attacked Judah in 701 they did so via the Philistine coast and the Shephelah, the border region which included Micah's village of Moresheth, as well as Lachish, Judah's second largest city.

Incendiary arrows and pots containing combustible substances were used as early as the 9th century BC by the Assyrians, and were extensively used in the Greco-Roman world as well.

The religion of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, 911 BCE-608 BCE, sometimes called Ashurism by Assyrians today, centered around thedge the Assyrian king as the king of their lands as well.

The Assyrians expanded further, and conquered the royal city of Taidu, and took Washshukannu, Amasakku, Kahat, Shuru, Nabula, Hurra and Shuduhu as well.

Assyrians maintained not only military and political control, but seem to have dominated trade as well, as no Hurrian or Mitanni names appear in private records of Shalmaneser's time.

Assyrians celebrate a number of festivals unique to their culture and traditions as well as religious ones:

The descendant dialects of this branch of Mesopotamian Aramaic ( which still retains a number of Akkadian loan words ) still survive as the spoken and written language of the ethnically Mesopotamian Assyrians to this day, and is found mostly in Iraq, Iran, northeast Syria, southeast Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, southern Russia and Azerbaijan, as well as in diaspora communities in the west, particularly the USA, Canada, Australia, Sweden and Great Britain.

Assur seems to have been reoccupied by Assyrians once again, and remained so well into the Parthian and Sassanid periods.

After defeating them at Ramoth-Gilead, Hazael repelled two attacks by the Assyrians, seized Israelite territory east of the Jordan, the Philistine city of Gath, and sought to take Jerusalem as well ().

The Eastern Rite tradition was historically associated with the Church of the East, and is currently employed by the Middle Eastern churches that descend from it, the Assyrian Church of the East, Ancient Church of the East, and the Chaldean Catholic Church, ( the members of these churches usually consider themselves to be ethnic Assyrians ) as well as by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church of India.

Most members of the Assyrian Church of the East, Ancient Church of the East, the Chaldean Catholic church as well as some Syriac Orthodox Christians are ethnic Assyrians.

The Greek, Persian, and Arab rulers of occupied Assyria, as well as Chaldean and Syrian Orthodox patriarchs, priests, and monks, and Armenian, British, and French laypeople, called them all Assyrians.

Hence, in most North African and Near and Middle Eastern communities, people spoke of Arab Muslims and Arab Christians, but never of Arab Jews: the Jews were regarded and regarded themselves as an ethnic as well as a religious minority, similar to other ethnic minorities such as the Assyrians, Berbers or Kurds ( although the latter two are not defined by religion either, as they may include Berber Muslims and Kurdish Muslims, Berber Christians and Kurdish Christians, and Berber Jews and Kurdish Jews ), and none of these are today referred to or refer to themselves as " Arabs ".

Other surfaces used for early writing include wax-covered writing boards ( used, as well as clay tablets, by the Assyrians ), sheets or strips of bark from trees ( in Indonesia, Tibet and the Americas ), the thick palm-like leaves of a particular tree, the leaves then punctured with a hole and stacked together like the pages of a book ( these writings in India and South east Asia include Buddhist scriptures and Sanskrit literature ), parchment, made of goatskin that had been soaked and scraped to remove hair, which was used from at least the 2nd century BC, vellum, made from calfskin, and wax tablets which could be wiped clean to provide a fresh surface ( in Roman times ).

Herodotus speaks of " Syrians " as identical with Assyrians, but the term's geographical significance was not well defined in pre-Greek and Greek times.

Areas of the south east such as Harran and the Hakkari mountains continued to be inhabited by remnants of the Assyrians, but these regions remained under Parthian and then Sassanid Persian rule.

* 652 BC: Babylonia rises in revolt under Shamash-shum-ukin against the Assyrians.

* 649 BC: Babylonian revolt under Shamash-shum-ukin is crushed by the Assyrians.

* 649 BC — Babylonian revolt under Shamash-shuma-ukin is crushed by the Assyrians.

* 652 BC — Babylonia rises in revolt under Shamash-shuma-ukin against the Assyrians.

Cyprus was under the control of the Assyrians at this time but the city-states of the island enjoyed a relative independence as long as they paid their tribute to the Assyrian king.

The city was the chief home of the Mesopotamian moon god Sin, under the Assyrians and Neo-Babylonians / Chaldeans and even into Roman times.

In 714 BC, the Assyrians under Sargon II defeated the Urartian King Rusa I at Lake Urmia and destroyed the holy Urartian temple at Musasir.

In the unrest that followed, the Assyrians asserted themselves under Ashur-uballit I, and he invaded the country ; and the pretender Artatama / Atratama II gained ascendancy, followed by his son Shuttarna.

During the reign of Hezekiah, King of Judah, the Assyrians, under King Sennacherib, attempted to take Jerusalem, and, in that campaign, succeeded in taking Lachish ( see 2 Chronicles 32: 9 and Isaiah 36: 2 ).

Some groups from the Arab World are non Arabs ; Assyrians were listed in the US census under Assyrian / Chaldean / Syriac.

Arrapha reached great importance under the Assyrians in the 10th and 11th centuries BC.

There appear to have been alliances of Elam and Babylonia against the powerful Assyrians ; the Babylonian king Mar-biti-apla-ushur ( 984 – 979 ) was of Elamite origin, and Elamites are recorded to have fought unsuccessfully with the Babylonian king Marduk-balassu-iqbi against the Assyrian forces under Shamshi-Adad V ( 823 – 811 ).

He remained popular under the Assyrians: two kings of Assyria bore the name Tukulti-Ninurta.

In consequence, Assyrians endured persecution under the Hashemite monarchy, leading many to flee to the West, in particular to the United States, where Chicago became the center of the diaspora community.

Urfa was conquered repeatedly throughout history, and has been dominated by many civilizations, including the Ebla, Akkadians, Sumerians, Babylonians, Hittites, Armenians, Hurri-Mitannis ( Armeno-Aryans ), Assyrians, Chaldeans, Medes, Persians, Macedonians ( under Alexander the Great ), Seleucids, Arameans, Osrhoenes, Romans, Sassanids, Byzantines, and Crusaders.

After their expulsion from Mesopotamia, the Amorites of Syria came under the domination of first the Hittites and from the 14th century BC, the Assyrians.

In 722 BCE, the Assyrians under Shalmaneser V conquered the ( Northern ) Kingdom of Israel, and many Israelites were deported to Media and Persia.

Notable examples of endogamous religious groups have been the Arab Christians in the Middle East, Assyrians, Jews, Yazidi Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan also the Mandaeans ( early Christians and followers of John the Baptist ) in Southern Iraq ( all under Islamic majority ), Turkmens and Armenians in Iran, Old Order Amish, Jehovah's Witnesses, Memons, Muslims, Knanaya Christians, Hindu Brahmins and the Parsi of India ( a non-Hindu minority in India ).

Throughout its history, the Ottoman Empire had substantial subject populations of Byzantine Greeks, Armenians, Jews and Assyrians, who were allowed a certain amount of autonomy under the confessional millet system of Ottoman government, and whose distinctive cultures enriched that of the Ottoman state.

NOTE: Since the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and others all shared essentially the same pantheon and belief systms, the Sumerian and Akkadian ( and Assyro-Babylonian ) articles should be combined under the Mesopotamian mythology / deities / legendary creatures categories.

NOTE: Since the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and others all shared essentially the same pantheon and belief systms, the Sumerian and Akkadian ( and Assyro-Babylonian ) articles should be combined under the Mesopotamian mythology / deities / legendary creatures categories.

NOTE: Since the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and others all shared essentially the same pantheon and belief systms, the Sumerian and Akkadian ( and Assyro-Babylonian ) articles should be combined under the Mesopotamian mythology / deities / legendary creatures categories.

NOTE: Since the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and others all shared essentially the same pantheon and belief systms, the Sumerian and Akkadian ( and Assyro-Babylonian ) articles should be combined under the Mesopotamian mythology / deities / legendary creatures categories.

The party was established on April 12, 1979 to satisfy the political objectives of the Assyrian people in Iraq, in response to the oppressive brutality of the Al-Baath regime and its attempts to forcibly expropriate ethnic Assyrians from their native lands.