Astronomers had expected to see the fireballs from the impacts, but did not have any idea in advance how visible the atmospheric effects of the impacts would be from Earth.

Astronomers make observations in multiple electromagnetic spectra, ranging through radio waves, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light, into the X-ray spectrum and beyond.

Astronomers had long wished for a way to photograph large swathes of the sky quickly for the purpose of surveying the visible contents of the universe and seeing large-scale structures.

Astronomers did not observe large amounts of water following the collisions, and later impact studies found that fragmentation and destruction of the cometary fragments in an ' airburst ' probably occurred at much higher altitudes than previously expected, with even the largest fragments being destroyed when the pressure reached, well above the expected depth of the water layer.

Astronomers also measure the apparent size of objects as an angular diameter.

Astronomers typically use gigaparsecs to measure large-scale structures such as the size of, and distance to, the CfA2 Great Wall ; the distances between galaxy clusters ; and the distance to quasars.

Astronomers from Galileo to Jaques Cassini mistook these spurious disks for the physical bodies of stars, and thus into the eighteenth century continued to think of magnitude in terms of the physical size of a star.

Astronomers produce new fundamental ephemerides as the accuracy of observation improves and as the understanding of the dynamics increases, and from these ephemerides various astronomical values, including the obliquity, are derived.

Astronomers were surprised by these " hot Jupiters ," since theories of planetary formation had indicated that giant planets should only form at large distances from stars.

Astronomers theorize however that most, if not all, novae are recurrent, albeit on time scales ranging from 1, 000 to 100, 000 years.

Astronomers speculate that this phenomenon is caused by the shock wave from a supernova.

Astronomers of the era expected that changes over time in the apparent separation and relative location of these stars would provide evidence for both the proper motion of stars and, by means of parallax shifts in their separation, for the distance of stars from the Earth ( a method first suggested by Galileo Galilei ).

Astronomers produce new fundamental ephemerides as the accuracy of observation improves and as the understanding of the dynamics increases, and from these ephemerides various astronomical values, including the obliquity, are derived.

Astronomers categorize it as a main-sequence star of spectral class K2, which means that energy generated at the core through nuclear fusion of hydrogen is emitted from the surface at a temperature of about 5, 000 K, giving the star an orange hue.

Astronomers have postulated that this fluctuating emission comes from the first known intermediate-mass black hole, of roughly 200 to 5000 solar masses.

The Amateur Astronomers Association of New York meets there one night a month from May to December for observing.

Astronomers rounded the orbit of Suixing to 12 years ( from 11. 86 ).

Astronomers believe that centaurs are recent escapees from the Kuiper belt, a zone of small bodies orbiting in a cloud at the distant reaches of the solar system.

Astronomers usually express distances in units of parsecs ; light-years are used in popular media, but almost invariably values in light-years have been converted from numbers tabulated in parsecs in the original source.

Astronomers observe a wide range of astronomical sources, including high-redshift galaxies, AGNs, the afterglow from the Big Bang and many different types of stars and protostars.

Astronomers theorize that the gravity of one star pulls some of the gas from the surface of the other and flings it into a thin, dense disk extending into space.

Category: Astronomers from Northern Ireland

Astronomers are confident that these observations of Sagittarius A * provide good empirical evidence that our own Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, 26, 000 light-years from the Solar System because:

Astronomers, as members of the scientific community, cannot use in their scientific articles explanations that are not derived from empirically reproducible conditions, irrespective of their personal convictions.

Astronomers from the United Kingdom.

Astronomers can also calculate Earth's mass from its orbit and effects on nearby planetary bodies.

Astronomers at that time believed in the Kant-Laplace hypothesis, which stated that the farthest planets from the sun are the oldest — therefore Mars was more likely to have advanced civilizations than Venus.

Astronomers from England.

Category: Astronomers from Georgia ( country )

Astronomers have been discovering " extrasolar " planets ( planets that orbit stars other than the Sun ) the last few years.

Astronomers place the submillimetre waveband between the far-infrared and microwave wavebands, typically taken to be between a few hundred micrometres and a millimetre.

Altho ' the Distinction of Stars into six Degrees of Magnitude is commonly received by Astronomers ; yet we are not to judge, that every particular Star is exactly to be ranked according to a certain Bigness, which is one of the Six ; but rather in reality there are almost as many Orders of Stars, as there are Stars, few of them being exactly of the same Bigness and Lustre.

Astronomers measure the angular separation of two stars by imagining two lines through the centre of the Earth, each intersecting one of the stars.

Astronomers do not know if the collision was simply a glancing blow or a prelude to a full-on merger, which would end with the two galaxies incorporated into one larger, probably elliptical galaxy.

However, two Astronomers Royal had recently died in quick succession and Maskelyne was appointed to the position soon after his return to England.

Astronomers were able to discover that IRS2 is in fact a twin system composed of two almost equally massive stars.

On March 22, 2005, Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope took advantage of this fact to directly capture the infrared light of two previously detected planets orbiting outside our solar system.

* October 31 – Astronomers announce the discovery of two additional moons orbiting Pluto, Nix and Hydra.

" Astronomers have noted that the observation may have been of a reflection of a bright star which lies two degrees to the north of NGC 56's location.

Astronomers had made careful photometric measurements of several stars known to be orbited by planets, in the hope that they might observe a dip in brightness caused by the transit of the planet across the star's face.

Astronomers had made careful photometric measurements of several stars known to be orbited by planets, in the hope that they might observe a dip in brightness caused by the transit of the planet across the star's face.