The only recorded instance of this type of vessel, in fact, is this showpiece galley built for Ptolemy IV, described by Callixenus of Rhodes, writing in the 3rd century BCE, and by Athenaeus in the 2nd century AD.

Athenaeus makes ' Ulpian ' out to be a grammarian and philologist, characterised by his customary interjections: " Where does this word occur in writing ?".

Athenaeus, writing in the third century CE, cites Phylarchus in saying that in the Greek city of Sybaris ( located in what is now southern Italy ), exclusive rights were granted for one year to creators of unique culinary dishes.

Writing in the 2nd century Athenaeus of Naucratis provides a recipe for lagana which he attributes to the 1st century Chrysippus of Tyana: sheets of dough made of wheat flour and the juice of crushed lettuce, then flavoured with spices and deep-fried in oil.

In another view on the etymology, Athenaeus of Naucratis ( 2nd – 3rd century CE ) says that the original form of the word was trygodia from trygos ( grape harvest ) and ode ( song ), because those events were first introduced during grape harvest.

Athenaeus of Naucratis (;, Athēnaios Naukratitēs ; ) was a Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD.

He is possibly the Harpocration mentioned by Julius Capitolinus ( Life of Verus, 2 ) as the Greek tutor of Lucius Verus ( 2nd century AD ); some authorities place him much later, on the ground that he borrowed from Athenaeus.

Finally, Athenaeus ( a grammarian of the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD ), wrote of a contemporary Athenian festival dedicated to Prometheus: " Aeschylus clearly states in the Unbound that in honor of Prometheus we place a garland on the head as recompense of his bondage.

Finally, Athenaeus ( a grammarian of the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD ) wrote in Book 15. 16 of his Deipnosophists the following regarding a contemporary Athenian festival dedicated to Prometheus: " Aeschylus clearly states in the Unbound that in honor of Prometheus we place a garland on the head as recompense of his bondage.

The encyclopaedist and author Sir Thomas Browne wrote a short essay upon Athenaeus which reflects a revived interest in the Banquet of the Learned amongst scholars during the 17th century following its publication in 1612 by the Classical scholar Isaac Casaubon.

The Deipnosophists is a long work of literary and antiquarian research by the Hellenistic author Athenaeus of Naucratis in Egypt, written in Rome in the early 3rd century AD.

), Pausanias ( c. 150 AD ), Athenaeus ( c. 200 AD ), Censorinus ( 3rd century AD ), and an anonymous Latin commentator on the Greek poem Phaenomena by Aratus of Soloi ( ca.

Many fragments were supplied in quotes by Athenaeus, principally on the subject of wine-drinking, but fr. 333, " wine, window into a man ", was quoted much later by the Byzantine grammarian, John Tzetzes.

Athenaeus, in Deipnosophistae or Banquet of the Learned, has one of the diners quoting Hieronymus of Cardia who confirms the view was widespread, while offering Sophocles ' comment on the matter.

There was a thriving cult of Apollo on Ceos too, including a temple at Carthaea, a training ground for choruses where, according to Athenaeus, Bacchylides's uncle, Simonides, had been a teacher in his early years.

Also missing is the speech in which he defended the illustrious courtesan Phryne ( said to have been his mistress ) on a capital charge: according to Plutarch and Athenaeus the speech climaxed with Hypereides stripping off her clothing to reveal her naked breasts ; in the face of which the judges found it impossible to condemn her.

Athenaeus described eels as entwining and discharging a fluid which would settle on mud and generate life.

He was on intimate terms with the famous courtesan Gnathaena ( Athenaeus xiii.

Athenaeus himself states that he was the author of a treatise on the thratta — a kind of fish mentioned by Archippus and other comic poets — and of a history of the Syrian kings.

They also show his acquaintance with his two favourite authors, Plato and Athenaeus, and a familiarity with Eustathius of Thessalonica's commentary on Homer.

The authors on which his time was mainly spent were the tragedians, Aristophanes, Athenaeus, and the lexicons of Suidas, Hesychius and Photius.

James Henry Monk, his successor as Greek professor, and Charles James Blomfield edited the Adversaria, consisting of the notes on Athenaeus and the Greek poets, and his prelection on Euripides ; Peter Paul Dobree, afterwards Greek professor, the notes on Aristophanes and the lexicon of Photius.

When he left for Montpellier he was already engaged upon his magnum opus, his editing of and commentary on Athenaeus.

The form of the Saturnalia is copied from Plato's Symposium and Gellius's Noctes atticae ; the chief authorities ( whose names, however, are not quoted ) are Gellius, Seneca the philosopher, Plutarch ( Quaestiones conviviales ), Athenaeus and the commentaries of Servius and others on Virgil.

The encyclopaedist Sir Thomas Browne wrote a Latin essay on Athenaeus which reflects a revived interest in the Banquet of the Learned amongst scholars following the publication of the Deipnosophistae in 1612 by the Classical scholar Isaac Casaubon.

But to prevent the shipborne machinery from rolling around the deck in heavy seas, Athenaeus advises that " you must fix the pithêkion on the platform attached to the merchant-ships in the middle, so that the machine stays upright in any angle ".

He made his first appearance as an author in 1802, when he contributed to the Magasin encyclopédique a critique on Johann Schweighauser's edition of Athenaeus.

According to Athenaeus in The Deipnosophists these constituted a considerable genre, with many lubricious treatises, stories and dramas on the subject.

And Phylarchus confirms him, by reference to some of the presents which Sandrakottus, the king of the Indians, sent to Seleucus ; which were to act like charms in producing a wonderful degree of affection, while some, on the contrary, were to banish love " Athenaeus of Naucratis, " The deipnosophists " Book I, chapter 32

Athenaeus quoted Nymphodorus's remarks on the beauty of the women of Tenedos.

He published also notes on Stobaeus, Euripides, Athenaeus and the Iliaca of John Tzetzes ; translations of Aelian ( History of Animals ); many of the Greek romances ( Philostratus ); poetical versions of much of the Greek Anthology ; miscellaneous essays on classical subjects ; and some very successful school books.

Athenaeus also mentions him, in connection with the self-sacrifice of the erastes and eromenos pair of Cratinus and Aristodemus, who were believed to have given their lives in order to purify Athens.

We learn from the Suda that three different cities are mentioned as his native place, Athens, Naucratis in Egypt, or Sicyon ; but as Athenaeus calls him an Athenian or Naucratian, we may leave the claims of Sicyon out of the question.

Among his epic poems, we possess the titles and some fragments of three pieces: the Fisherman, Kirka or Krika, which, however, is designated by Athenaeus as doubtful, and Helena, Of his elegies, some beautiful fragments are still extant.

Below is the order of marriages offered by Athenaeus, 13. 557b – e:

Athenaeus mentions a work of Hippias under the title Synagoge which is otherwise unknown.

Of the two histories, we possess abridgments by Photius, and fragments are preserved in Athenaeus, Plutarch and especially Diodorus Siculus, whose second book is mainly from Ctesias.

One quotation by Athenaeus is the only surviving fragment of the works of Stephanus.

The claim in Suda's second entry that Tyrtaeus was a Spartan general is made also by Athenaeus and Strabo.

If the character Ulpian is identical with the famous jurist, the Deipnosophistae may have been written after his death in 228 ; but the jurist was murdered by the Praetorian guards, whereas Ulpian in Athenaeus dies a natural death.

Athenaeus is his Deipnosophistae mention staititas topped with honey, sesame and cheese.

A meat and bread recipe which resembles the way pita souvlaki is served today, with pita bread was also attested by Athenaeus in Deipnosophistae and called the plate kandaulos.

If Ulpian is identical with the famous jurist, the Deipnosophistae must have been written after his death in 223 ; but the jurist was murdered by the praetorian guards, whereas Ulpian in Athenaeus dies a natural death.

There is a most amusing story in Athenaeus about the boys in the inn at Agrigentum.

: the somewhat greasy heap of a literary rag-and-bone-picker like Athenaeus is turned to gold by time.

Ctesibius's work is chronicled by Vitruvius, Athenaeus, and Philo of Byzantium who repeatedly mention him, adding that the first mechanicians such as Ctesibius had the advantage of being under kings who loved fame and supported the arts.

Erymneus is known only from a passing reference by Athenaeus.

:" But dried figs were so very much sought after by all men ( for really, as Aristophanes says, " There's really nothing nicer than dried figs "), that even Amitrochates, the king of the Indians, wrote to Antiochus, entreating him ( it is Hegesander who tells this story ) to buy and send him some sweet wine, and some dried figs, and a sophist ; and that Antiochus wrote to him in answer, " The dry figs and the sweet wine we will send you ; but it is not lawful for a sophist to be sold in Greece " Athenaeus, " Deipnosophistae " XIV. 67

* On Egyptian festivals (), is mentioned by Athenaeus, but whether by this Nicomachus is uncertain.

Whether however he is the same as the academic philosopher mentioned by Athenaeus is still a matter of some debate.