NASA transferred the technology tested and refined by the Nimbus missions to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) for its operational satellite instruments.

ATLAS-1 instruments were: Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ); Grille Spectrometer ; Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder ( MAS ); Imaging Spectrometric Observatory ( ISO ); Atmospheric Lyman-Alpha Emissions ( ALAE ); Atmospheric Emissions Photometric Imager ( AEPI ); Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators ( SEPAC ); Active Cavity Radiometer ( ACR ); Measurement of Solar Constant ( SOLCON ); Solar Spectrum ( SOLSPEC ); Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ( SUSIM ); and Far Ultraviolet Space Telescope ( FAUST ).

Seven instruments on the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-3 ( ATLAS-3 ) also flew on first two ATLAS flights.

ATLAS-3 instruments, mounted on a Spacelab pallet in the cargo bay, included Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ), which collected more data on trace gases in the atmosphere than on all three of its previous flights combined ; Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer ( SSBUV ), which took ozone measurements to calibrate ozone monitor on aging NOAA-9 satellite as well as cooperative measurements with other ATLAS-3 instruments ; Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ( ACRIM ), which took extremely precise measurements of the sun's total radiation for 30 orbits as calibration reference for sister instrument on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ( UARS ) launched in 1991 ; Measurement of the Solar Constant ( SOLCON ), provided by Belgium, which also measured solar radiation but as reference point to track changes over years ; Solar Spectrum Measurement ( SOLSPEC ), French instrument, measured sun's radiation as function of wavelength ; and Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ( SUSIM ), which collected its highest precision solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in its 15-year lifetime.

Atmospheric studies included monitoring of 3D temperature and pressure fields, global mapping of winds, variations of water and carbon monoxide in space and time, and the optical depth, phase function, size distribution, and chemical composition of aerosols.

During the termination phase of the mission, a " windmill experiment " was performed: Atmospheric molecular pressure exerts a torque via the then windmill-sail-like oriented solar cell wings, the necessary counter-torque to keep the sonde from spinning is measured.

* The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, a climate experiment.

This region was of special interest to the Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution experiment for studies of forest regrowth after a fire event.

For three days, beginning on September 26, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration deployed planes into the hurricane as part of Project Stormfury, the fourth hurricane to be a part of the weather control experiment.

Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder ( MAS ), collected nine hours of observations, measuring distribution of water vapor, chlorine monoxide and ozone at altitudes between 12 and 60 miles ( 40 to ).

In 1917, he founded the Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ), and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology.

* AIRS — Atmospheric Infrared Sounder — measures atmospheric temperature and humidity, land and sea surface temperatures.

Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include Astrochemistry ( and Cosmochemistry ), Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Chemo-informatics, Electrochemistry, Environmental science, Forensic science, Geochemistry, Green chemistry, History of chemistry, Materials science, Medical science, Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear chemistry, Oenology, Organometallic chemistry, Petrochemistry, Pharmacology, Photochemistry, Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry and Surface chemistry.

( 1973 / 1981 ), Atmospheric Thermodynamics, second edition, D. Reidel, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, ISBN 90-277-1296-4.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), a component of the United States Department of Commerce, also uses a hull classification symbol system, which it also calls " hull numbers ," for its fleet.

A video of a lecture given at Princeton University by Venkatachalam Ramaswamy, Acting Director and Senior Scientist, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ( GFDL ), Professor in Geosciences and Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University.

Atmospheric pressures are usually stated using kilopascal ( kPa ), or atmospheres ( atm ), except in American meteorology where the hectopascal ( hPa ) and millibar ( mbar ) are preferred.

Research programs, including field projects such as the VORTEX projects ( Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment ), deployment of TOTO ( the TOtable Tornado Observatory ), Doppler On Wheels ( DOW ), and dozens of other programs, hope to solve many questions that still plague meteorologists .< ref name =" field programs history "> Universities, government agencies such as the National Severe Storms Laboratory, private-sector meteorologists, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research are some of the organizations very active in research ; with various sources of funding, both private and public, a chief entity being the National Science Foundation.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), pronounced, like " Noah ", is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere.

NOAA's research, conducted through the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research ( OAR ), is the driving force behind NOAA environmental products and services that protect life and property and promote economic growth.

* Development and operation of the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center ( NARAC ), which provides real-time, multi-scale ( global, regional, local, urban ) modeling of hazardous materials released into the atmosphere.

), " Laboratory modeling and theoretical studies of surface wave modulation by a moving sphere ", m, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Laboratories, 2002.

Other U. S. federal government agencies based in the county include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ), U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE ), the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ), the National Naval Medical Center ( NNMC ), U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission ( CPSC ) and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency ( NGA ).

Examples include the National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR, in Boulder, Colorado, USA ), the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ( GFDL, in Princeton, New Jersey, USA ), the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research ( in Exeter, UK ), the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, or the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l ' Environnement ( LSCE ), France, to name but a few.

Atmospheric nitrogen must be processed, or " fixed " ( see page on nitrogen fixation ), to be used by plants.

Eureka, which is the second northernmost settlement in the world, consists of three areas, " Eureka Aerodrome " which includes " Fort Eureka " ( the quarters for military personnel maintaining the island's communications equipment ), the Environment Canada Weather Station and the Polar Environmental Atmospheric Research Laboratory ( PEARL ), formally the Arctic Stratospheric Ozone ( AStrO ) Observatory.

Other payloads on STS-96 were the Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite for Heuristic International Networking Equipment ( STARSHINE ), the Shuttle Vibration Forces Experiment ( SVF ) and the Orbiter Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring – HEDS Technology Demonstration ( IVHM HTD ).

McMonagle commanded a crew of six aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-66 Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-3 ( ATLAS-3 ) 11-day mission in November 1994.

Tanner flew aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-66, November 3 – 14, 1994, performing the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-3 ( ATLAS-3 ) mission.

STS-119 also carried several experiments, including the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local EXhaust ( SIMPLEX ), Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments ( SEITE ), and Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections ( MAUI ).

The term has also been used to refer to other structures used for experimental purposes, such as the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment ( STACEE ), which is being used to study Cherenkov radiation, and the Weizmann Institute solar power tower.

* Atmospheric Vortex alternative to Solar Chimney

Scientists from the National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR ) also developed a computer model of solar dynamics ( Solar dynamo ) for more accurate predictions and have confidence in the forecast based upon a series of test runs with the newly developed model simulating the strength of the past eight solar cycles with more than 98 % accuracy.

* Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, an instrument that provides imaging of the Sun's corona on the Solar Dynamics Observatory

* Solar EUV Experiment ( SEE ) page at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

The College is home to four recognized Colorado State University Programs of Research and Scholarly Excellence: the Department of Atmospheric Science, the Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, the Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory, and the Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program.

Atmospheric and gravity drag associated with launch typically adds 1. 5 – 2. 0 km / s to the delta-v launch vehicle required to reach normal LEO orbital velocity of around.

Atmospheric drag lowered the velocity by 1. 712 m / s and the apogee altitude by 8665 km.

# " Atmospheric Conditions " ( Beck / Calvin Johnson ) – 2: 09

Atmospheric Sciences / Meteorology

Atmospheric conditions create a self-propagating tornadic firestorm with winds of 150 mph ( 240 km / hr ) and flames reaching 1, 000 feet ( 305 m ) in altitude, resulting in one of the most destructive air raids in history.

Atmospheric pressure and / or altitude will also affect measured DLCO, and so a correction factor is needed to adjust for standard pressure.

* Could Global Warming Be A Blessing For Mankind ?, Terrestrial Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences / TAUS, Chinese Academy of Science, Taipei, Taiwan, September 1996

Atmospheric attenuation in dB / km as a function of frequency over the EHF band.

Very, Frank W., 1900, Atmospheric radiation: a research conducted at the Allegheny Observatory and at Providence, R. I., Bulletin / Weather Bureau, U. S. Department of Agriculture ; no.

Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration / Department of Commerce

Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration / Department of Commerce

The mean precipitation is 184 mm / year as calculated for a 7 year period between April 1994 and September 2000 as calculated from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data.

Now used throughout the world by organisations such as Teledyne / Vandegraph National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NURC ( NATO Underwater Research Centre ) and Diving Diseases Research Centre.

* Front Range GigaPop / University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

* AO ' Neill, WL Grose, VD Pope, H Maclean, R Swinbank, 1994, Evolution of the Stratosphere during Northern Winter 1991 / 92 as Diagnosed from U. K. Meteorological Office Analyses, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences volume 51, issue 20 ( October 1994 ) pp. 2800 – 2817 link

The Otto / Langen Atmospheric Engine of 1867.

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration attests that the Philippines has a mean average of about 31 watts per square meter ( W / m2 ) of wind power density.

* Cooperative Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Terrestrial Applications ( CIASTA )-Las Vegas / Reno, NV