He then worked at Bolt, Beranek and Newman ( BBN ), where he helped develop the IMP.

In 1967 he joined the technology company of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, now BBN Technologies, where he helped develop the TENEX operating system including ARPANET Network Control Protocol and TELNET implementations.

DARPA then contracted with BBN Technologies, Stanford University, and the University College London to develop operational versions of the protocol on different hardware platforms.

* end-Ray Tomlinson sends the first ARPAnet e-mail between host computers, at BBN, Cambridge, Massachusetts, with the first use of the @ sign in an address.

SMTP can trace its roots to two implementations described in 1971, the Mail Box Protocol, which has been disputed to actually have been implemented, but is discussed in RFC 196 and other RFCs, and the SNDMSG program, which, according to RFC 2235, Ray Tomlinson of BBN " invents " for TENEX computers the sending of mail across the ARPANET.

The key parameter which allows one to calculate the effects of BBN is the number of photons per baryon.

For a long time, this meant that to test BBN theory against observations one had to ask: can all of the light element observations be explained with a single value of the baryon-to-photon ratio?

BBN became interested in buying one for their AI work when they became available, but wanted DEC to add a hardware version of Murphy's pager directly into the system.

Later work at BBN Technologies showed how to use the link-state technique in a hierarchical system, i. e. one in which the network was divided into areas, so that each switching node does not need a map of the entire network, only the area ( s ) in which it is included.

It is believed, however, that a version was distributed to BBN and at least one use of the backdoor was recorded.

In later years, after the addition of one of his former students, Robert Newman, the firm of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, better known as BBN, designed the first modem in 1963, helping computers communicate with each other.

In 1995, working in partnership with Bolt Beranek and Newman ( BBN ), Datamation launched one of the first online publications, Datamation. com.

It was one of the three variants of JOSS II ( along with TELCOMP and STRINGCOMP ) that were developed by BBN.

It was one of the three variants of JOSS II ( along with TELCOMP and FILECOMP ) that were developed by BBN.

BBN had recently implemented TELCOMP, one of the new breed of high-level interactive programming languages.

In 1998 BBN's ISP division BBN Planet was acquired by GTE.

Much of this work was done in collaboration with distinguished researchers at MIT such as Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy, who were regular BBN consultants during the early 1960s.

HSLS was invented by researchers at BBN Technologies.

A number of well-known computer luminaries have worked at BBN, including John Seely Brown, Jerry Burchfiel, Richard Burton, Allan Collins, William Crowther, John Curran, Wally Feurzeig, Ed Fredkin, Bob Kahn, J. C. R. Licklider, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Dan Murphy, Severo Ornstein, Seymour Papert, Oliver Selfridge, Bob Thomas, Ray Tomlinson, and Peiter " Mudge " Zatko.

; Butterfly Common Lisp: an implementation written in Scheme for the BBN Butterfly multi-processor computer

* Boomerang ( mobile shooter detection system )-an acoustic Gunshot Location Detection System developed by BBN Technologies for detecting snipers on military combat vehicles.

Some KA10 machines, first at MIT, and later at Bolt, Beranek and Newman ( BBN ), were modified to add virtual memory and support for demand paging, as well as more physical memory.

It is famous for being the computer most important in the creation of hacker culture at MIT, BBN and elsewhere.

Free neutrons decay to protons with a half-life of about 15 minutes, but this time-scale is too long to affect the number of neutrons over the period in which BBN took place, primarily because most of the free neutrons had already been absorbed in the first 3 minutes of nucleogenesis — a time too short for a significant fraction of them to decay to protons.

Using this value, are the BBN predictions for the abundances of light elements in agreement with the observations?

But for lithium-7, there is a significant discrepancy between BBN and WMAP, and the abundance derived from Population II stars.

The discrepancy is a factor of 2. 4 ― 4. 3 below the theoretically predicted value and is considered a problem for the original models, that have resulted in revised calculations of the standard BBN based on new nuclear data, and to various reevaluation proposals for primordial proton-proton nuclear reactions, especially the intensities of < sup > 7 </ sup > Be ( n, p )< sup > 7 </ sup > Li versus < sup > 7 </ sup > Be ( d, p )< sup > 8 </ sup > Be.

There have been, and continue to be, various reasons for researching non-standard BBN.

In the 1960s, BBN was involved in a number of LISP-based artificial intelligence projects for DARPA, many of which had very large ( for the era ) memory requirements.

One such system had been developed for the PDP-1 at MIT by Daniel Murphy before he joined BBN.

Dr. Talib Hussain, senior scientist at BBN Technologies, looks over the shoulder of a recruit during a training session on the Virtual Environments for Ship and Shore Experiential Learning system at Recruit Training Command.

BBN also is well known for its parallel computing systems, including the Pluribus, and the BBN Butterfly computers, which have been used for such tasks as warfare simulation for the U. S. Navy.

BBN was the first networking organization to receive an Autonomous System Number ( AS1 ) for network identification.

Today, BBN leads a wide range of research and development projects, including the standardization effort for Internet security architecture ( IPsec ), the networking technology in the Joint Tactical Radio System, mobile ad hoc networks, advanced speech recognition, the military's Boomerang mobile shooter detection system, and quantum cryptography.

BBN is also the managing the Global Environment for Network Innovations ( GENI ) project office for the National Science Foundation.

Later, BBN developed a turtle named Irving that had touch sensors and could move forwards, backwards, rotate, and ding its bell.

In 1986 at the University of Rochester Lynx was ported to the Chrysalis operating system running on a BBN Butterfly multiprocessor.

BBN developed their own alternative operating system, TENEX, which fairly quickly became the de facto standard in the research community.

The first PDP-1 was delivered to Bolt, Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) in November 1960, and formally accepted the next April.

The first true IP router was developed by Virginia Strazisar at BBN, as part of that DARPA-initiated effort, during 1975-1976.

* BBN 93. 0 MHz

* BBN TENEX Documentation at bitsavers. org

In 1972 Bob Kahn of ARPA, with Jim Forgie ( Lincoln Laboratory, LL ) and Dave Walden ( BBN Technologies ), started the first developments in packetized speech, which would eventually lead to Voice over IP technology.

of BBN developed the first variable-rate LPC algorithm.

In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis ( or primordial nucleosynthesis, abbreviated BBN ) refers to the production of nuclei other than those of H-1 ( i. e. the normal, light isotope of hydrogen, whose nuclei consist of a single proton each ) during the early phases of the universe.

The brevity of BBN is important because it prevented elements heavier than beryllium from forming while at the same time allowing unburned light elements, such as deuterium, to exist.

Without major changes to the Big Bang theory itself, BBN will result in mass abundances of about 75 % of H-1, about 25 % helium-4, about 0. 01 % of deuterium, trace ( on the order of 10 < sup >− 10 </ sup >) amounts of lithium and beryllium, and no other heavy elements.

One feature of BBN is that the physical laws and constants that govern the behavior of matter at these energies are very well understood, and hence BBN lacks some of the speculative uncertainties that characterize earlier periods in the life of the universe.

At this point, the elemental abundances are nearly fixed, and only change as some of the radioactive products of BBN ( such as tritium ) decay.