First activities were linked to irrigation and flood control, as demonstrated by traces of dykes, dams, and canals dating back to at least 2000 BCE that were found in ancient Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent, as well as around the early settlements of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa in the Indus valley.

See Vanderkam 2002, p. 95 .</ ref > Apart from the sectarian variants unique to the Samaritan Pentateuch such as the reference to the worship of God on Mount Gerizim, the Dead Sea Scroll texts have demonstrated that a Pentateuchal text type resembling the Samaritan Pentateuch goes back to the second century BCE and perhaps even earlier.

In addition to the historic Anishinaabe and European settlement of the island, archeological discoveries at Sheguiandah have demonstrated Paleo-Indian and Archaic cultures dating from 10, 000 BCE to 2000 BCE.

In the first half of the 20th century it was believed that the Yahwist could be dated to c. 950 BCE, but later study has demonstrated that portions of J cannot be earlier than the 7th century.

Schmid, however, demonstrated that J knew the prophetic books of the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, while the prophets did not know the traditions of the Torah, meaning J could not be earlier than the 7th century.

Conflicting research on the origins of alchemy are further demonstrated by Cooper, who claims that alchemy " flourished well before 144 BCE, for at that date the Emperor issued an edict which ordered public execution for anyone found making counterfeit gold " ( Cooper, 1991 ).

The territory of Altavilla was populated since the 7th century BCE as demonstrated by archaeological finds on the territory, in the locality of San Lorenzo.

The high value of astronomical knowledge is already demonstrated by the astronomical section of the Book of Enoch ( about 72-80 BCE ), as well as by such sayings as those of Eleazar Ḥisma ( about 100 ), a profound mathematician, who could " count the drops in the ocean " ( Hor.

::* BCE Coloer ( 1955 ): First color tape storage for video, manufactured by Bing Crosby Entertainment from Ampex equipment.

The prototype for this model can be found in Bolos of Mendes ' second century BCE work, Physika kai Mystika ( On Physical and Mystical Matters ).

( The Deuteronomist author may have used the then-recent 701 BCE campaign of the Assyrian king Sennacherib in Judah as his model ; the hanging of the captured kings is in accordance with Assyrian practice of the 8th century ).

A similar model is found in the Homeric account of the 8th century BCE in which " Okeanos, the personified body of water surrounding the circular surface of the Earth, is the begetter of all life and possibly of all gods.

230 BCE ) presented an explicit argument for a heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun, not the Earth, at the centre.

The Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Tan ( d. 110 BCE ) and his son Sima Qian ( 145 – 86 BCE ) established the standard model for all of imperial China's Standard Histories, such as the Book of Han written by Ban Biao ( 3 – 54 CE ), his son Ban Gu ( 32 – 92 CE ), and his daughter Ban Zhao ( 45 – 116 CE ).

model ship from a tomb, Ancient Egypt, c. 2000 BCE

Item number H-3134 at the Hecht Museum, a dark brown clay model of a 5th century BCE oared boat, is one such craft.

Nethuns is mentioned on the Piacenza liver, a third century BCE bronze model of a sheep's liver used for the divinatory rites called haruspicy, as Neθ, an abbreviation for his full name.

An extraordinary figure among the ancient Greek astronomers is Aristarchus of Samos ( 310 BCE – c. 230 BCE ), who suggested a heliocentric model of the universe and attempted to measure Earth's distance from the Sun.

By the 3rd century BCE, these writers had developed a simple, concise and economical prose style that served as a model of literary form for over 2, 000 years.

* The most famous relic of the region's pre-Roman civilization is the Bronze Liver of Piacenza, an Etruscan bronze model of a sheep's liver dating from the end of the 2nd century to the beginning of the 1st century BCE.

Despite the archaic features, these specimens were argued to represent the direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens sapiens which, according to the " recent African origin ( RAO )" or " out of Africa " model, developed shortly after this period ( Khoisan mitochondrial divergence dated not later than 110, 000 BCE ) in Eastern Africa.

Models of two-wheeled carts from c. 3000 BCE found at Altyn-Depe are the earliest complete evidence of wheeled transport in Central Asia, though model wheels have come from contexts possibly somewhat earlier.

A model of a cart drawn by a camel of c. 2200 BCE was found at Altyn-Depe.

Caral is the largest recorded site in the Andean region with dates older than 2000 BCE and appears to be the model for the urban design adopted by Andean civilizations that rose and fell over the span of four

A model of a battleship used by the state of Yue during the Warring States period between 475 BCE to 221 BCE.

The most favoured model, the Kurgan hypothesis, currently places the Urheimat of the Proto-Indo-European people at the Pontic steppe, represented archaeologically by the 5th millennium BCE Sredny Stog culture.

Parpola ( 1999 ) elaborates the model and has " Proto-Rigvedic " Indo-Aryans intrude the BMAC around 1700 BCE.

The third, the " fragmentary " model, proposes that the four books were combined by a single author from a host of " fragments ", meaning small texts as well as oral traditions ( sagas and folk-tales ), again c. 450 BCE.

Instead, an alternative model of state and ethnos formation, promulgated by an alliance of regional elites, has recently been postulated, which re-dates the creation of the Macedonian kingdom to the 6th century BCE.

( Haggai 1: 14-15 ) and the Book of Ezra indicates that it was finished on February 25 516 BCE " The Temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.

Simon led the people in peace and prosperity, until in February 135 BCE, he was assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy, son of Abubus ( also spelled Abobus or Abobi ), who had been named governor of the region by the Seleucids.

According to the Surya Siddhanta, Kali Yuga began at midnight ( 00: 00 ) on 18 February 3102 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar, or 14 January 3102 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.

* The Saros number of the series of lunar eclipses that began on August 11, 736 BCE, and ended in February 797 CE.

A golden necklace dating to roughly 4500 BCE was discovered on February 16, 2006.

Dictator perpetuo ( English: " dictator in perpetuity "), also called dictator in perpetuum or incorrectly dictator perpetuus, was the office held by Julius Caesar from 26 January or 15 February of the year 44 BCE until his death on 15 March.

At some point between January and February 44 BCE he was appointed dictator perpetuo but was assassinated within two months after that ( on the Ides of March ).

She arrived in February 1245 BCE at Pi-Ramesse.

1st century BCE ), shows how the distance to the Sun can be computed geometrically, using the different lengths of the noontime shadows observed at three places 1000 li apart and the assumption that the Earth is flat.

The Chinese were isolating sex and pituitary hormones from human urine and using them for medicinal purposes by 200 BCE.

At the end of the 7th century BCE, Mimnermus of Colophon struck on the innovation of using the verse for erotic poetry.

1500 BCE, describes a way to " stop a crying child " using grains of the poppy-plant strained to a pulp.

The Greek astronomer and astrologer Hipparchus ( 190 – 120 BCE ) created a table of chord functions giving the length of the chord for each angle, and there are references to his using polar coordinates in establishing stellar positions.

Humans were using spices in 50, 000 BCE.

By about 12, 000 BCE, hunters were using tame dogs to help in the chase.

There is evidence of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Amenemhet III in the twelfth dynasty ( about 1800 BCE ) using the natural lake of the Faiyum Oasis as a reservoir to store surpluses of water for use during the dry seasons, the lake swelled annually from flooding of the Nile.

The Ancient Egyptian scribe, or sesh, was a person educated in the arts of writing ( using both hieroglyphics and hieratic scripts, and from the second half of the first millennium BCE the demotic script, used as shorthand and for commerce ) and dena ( arithmetics ).

Mathematical proofs were revolutionized by Euclid ( 300 BCE ), who introduced the axiomatic method still in use today, starting with undefined terms and axioms ( propositions regarding the undefined terms assumed to be self-evidently true from the Greek " axios " meaning " something worthy "), and used these to prove theorems using deductive logic.

The Sanhita portion of the Samaveda ( Hindu holy verses ), that date back to 1300-1000 BCE were later set to music using this technique.

The earliest surviving yo-yo dates to 500 BCE and was made using terra cotta skin disks / sides.

When, in 50 BCE, it appeared that Julius Caesar was interested in using Aristobulus and his family as his clients to take control of Judea from Hyrcanus and Antipater, who were beholden to Pompey, supporters of Pompey had Aristobulus poisoned in Rome and executed Alexander in Antioch.

The first datings of the artifacts using the thermoluminescence technique resulted in a range from 4420 BCE to 3400 BC, which would have made the site the earliest Bronze Age culture in the world.

Based on calculations, using computer astronomy programs, Rohl asserts that the only time when this eclipse could have occurred during the whole second millennium BC was on 9 May 1012 BCE.

The technological history of watercraft in the European history can be divided into marine propulsion using the simple paddle craft, oared galleys from the 8th century BCE until 15th century, lateen sail during the Age of Discovery from the early 15th century and into the early 17th century, full rigged ships of the Age of Sail from the 16th to the mid 19th century, the Age of Steam marine steam engine roughly between 1770 and use of the steam turbine until 1914, the internal combustion engines using diesel, petrol and LNG as fuels from the turn of the 20th century, which has been supplemented to some degree with the nuclear marine propulsion since the 1950s.

The transcript was probably composed around 195 BCE before its burial, as the text tend to avoid using the word bang ( 邦 ), the personal name of Emperor Gao of Han, to circumvent naming taboo.

Bell Canada ( BCE ), using Avaya's hardware, was the official Converged 10 Gigabit Ethernet network provider for the 2010 Winter Olympics.

In c. 100 BCE, Greek physician Asclepiades initiated humane treatment of patients with mental illness using therapeutic baths, massage, exercise, and music.

Discoveries show it already existed in Egypt in the 4th century BCE, where it was used to wrap mummies ; linen was soaked in wax, and scratched using a sharp tool.

According to Callisthenes, the Persians were using water clocks in 328 BCE to ensure a just and exact distribution of water from qanats to their shareholders for agricultural irrigation.

Historical records suggest that the South Dravidian language group had separated from a Proto-Dravidian language no later than 700 BCE, linguistic evidence suggests that they probably became distinctive around 1, 100 BCE, and some scholars using linguistic methods put the deepest divisions in the language group at roughly 3, 000 BCE.