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Baltic amber or succinite ( historically documented as Prussian amber ) is found as irregular nodules in marine glauconitic sand, known as blue earth, occurring in the Lower Oligocene strata of Sambia in Prussia ( in historical sources also referred to as Glaesaria ).
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Baltic and amber
An ant inside Baltic amber
A mosquito and a fly in this Baltic amber necklace are between 40 and 60 million years old
Extracting Baltic amber from Holocene deposits, Gdansk, Poland
Unique colors of Baltic amber.
Fishing for amber on the coast of Baltic Sea.
Pliny is presenting an archaic view, as in his time amber was a precious stone brought from the Baltic at great expense, but the Germans, he says, use it for firewood, according to Pytheas.
Baltic amber is sometimes colored artificially, but also called " true amber ".
Found along the southern shore of the Baltic Sea, yellow amber reached the Middle East and western Europe via trade.
Includes Succinite (= ' normal ' Baltic amber ) and Glessite.
Baltic amber yields on dry distillation succinic acid, the proportion varying from about 3 % to 8 %, and being greatest in the pale opaque or bony varieties.
Baltic amber is distinguished by its yield of succinic acid, hence the name succinite.
Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by being mostly transparent and often containing a higher number of fossil inclusions.
* Natural Baltic amber – gemstone which has undergone mechanical treatment only ( for instance: grinding, cutting, turning or polishing ) without any change to its natural properties
* Modified Baltic amber – gemstone subjected only to thermal or high-pressure treatment, which changed its physical properties, including the degree of transparency and color, or shaped under similar conditions out of one nugget, previously cut to the required size.
* Reconstructed ( pressed ) Baltic amber – gemstone made of Baltic amber pieces pressed in high temperature and under high pressure without additional components.
* Bonded Baltic amber – gemstone consisting of two or more parts of natural, modified or reconstructed Baltic amber bonded together with the use of the smallest possible amount of a colorless binding agent necessary to join the pieces.
Baltic and historically
The islands Læsø, Anholt and Samsø in Kattegat and Als at the rim of the Baltic Sea South are administratively and historically tied to Jutland, although especially the latter two are also regarded traditional districts of their own.
In the words of Marija Gimbutas, " the name of the town is the earliest known historically in the Baltic Sea area ".
* Estonian Manors Portal the English version introduces 438 well-preserved manors historically owned by the Baltic Germans ( Baltic nobility )
Due to its advantageous proximity to the entrance to the Baltic Sea, Frederikshavn has historically been a naval base of some strategic importance.
" Historical Eastern Germany ", which historically was the land of the Baltic people called Old Prussians who had been colonised and assimilated by German Drang Nach Osten, was split between Poland, Russia, and Lithuania ( a Baltic country ) and repopulated with settlers of the respective ethnicities.
Similar titles have been seen in all parts of Europe that have historically been dominated by Germany – the Baltic States, Austria – Hungary, Sweden, Finland and to some extent in Denmark-Norway.
The Bay of Puck or Puck Bay (; ), historically also known as the Bay of Putzig (), is a shallow western branch of the Bay of Gdańsk in the southern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Gdańsk Pomerania, Poland.
Historically the variants of Welsh and English Romani, constituted the same variant of Romani, share characteristics and are historically closely related to dialects spoken in France, Germany ( Sinti ), Scandinavia, Spain, Poland, North Russia and the Baltic states.
Such styles have been popular in the region, historically including Baltic Porter.
Baltic and documented
The fact that the only documented version of this story gets basic details wrong ( Belgium has a coast on the North Sea, not the Baltic Sea ) doesn't reflect well on its historical accuracy.
It has also been suggested that one reason the emigration of the children was never documented was that the children were sold to a recruiter from the Baltic region of Eastern Europe, a practice that was not uncommon at the time.
The first documented mention of Trassenheide was in 1786, first under the designation " mutton stable "; a large sheep stable had been established to protect herds of sheep against sudden flooding by the Baltic Sea.
Baltic and Prussian
Around 890, Wulfstan of Hedeby undertook a journey from Hedeby on Jutland along the Baltic Sea to the Prussian trading town of Truso.
The Old Prussian towns of Kaup and Truso on the Baltic were the starting points of the route to the south.
The now-extinct Old Prussian language has been considered the most archaic of the Baltic languages.
Although the various Baltic tribes were mentioned by ancient historians as early as 98 B. C., the first attestation of a Baltic language was in about 1350, with the creation of the Elbing Prussian Vocabulary, a German to Prussian translation dictionary.
With the establishment of a German state in Prussia, and the eradication or flight of much of the Baltic Prussian population in the 13th century, the remaining Prussians began to be assimilated, and by the end of the 17th century, the Prussian language had become extinct.
In 1825 a manuscript listing a vocabulary of the Baltic Old Prussian language, named the Elbing-Prussian Dictionary (), or more commonly in English just Elbing Vocabulary, was found among some manuscripts from a merchant's house.
The zero-grade is preserved in modern times in the Lithuanian ethnonym for Belarusians, Gudai ( earlier Baltic Prussian territory before Slavic conquests by about 1200 CE ), and in certain Prussian towns in the territory around the Vistula River in Gothiscandza, today Poland ( Gdynia, Gdansk ).
The area of the later city of Gdynia shared its history with Pomerelia ( Eastern Pomerania ); in prehistoric times it was the center of Oksywie culture ; it was later populated by Slavs with some Baltic Prussian influences.
One of the regional Piast dukes invited the Teutonic Knights to help him fight the Baltic Prussian pagans, which caused centuries of Poland's warfare with the Knights and then with the German Prussian state.
In 1274, the Great Prussian Rebellion ended, and the Teutonic Knights proceeded to conquer other Baltic tribes, including the Yotvingians in 1283 ; the Livonian Order completed its conquest of Semigalia, the last Baltic ally of Lithuania, in 1291.
Old Prussian ( Prussian: Prūsiskan or Prūsiskai Bilā ) is an extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians, the indigenous peoples of Prussia ( not to be confused with the later and much larger German state of the same name ), now north-eastern Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.
Old Prussian was closely related to the other extinct Western Baltic languages, Curonian, Galindian and Sudovian.
Baltic Old Prussian probably ceased to be spoken around the beginning of the 18th century due to many of its remaining speakers dying in the famines and bubonic plague epidemics harrowing the East Prussian countryside and towns from 1709 until 1711.
The regional dialect of Low German spoken in Prussia ( or East Prussia ), Low Prussian, preserved a number of Baltic Prussian words, such as kurp, from the Old Prussian kurpi, for shoe ( in contrast to the standard German Schuh ).
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