BCS theory, proposed by John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer ( BCS ) in 1957, is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since its discovery in 1911.

Band structure calculations was first used in 1930 to predict the properties of new materials, and in 1947 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley developed the first semiconductor-based transistor, heralding a revolution in electronics.

* 1947 – William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain build the first practical point-contact transistor.

The current John Bardeen Professor is Nick Holonyak, Bardeen's first doctoral student and protege.

According to Lillian Hoddeson and Vicki Daitch, authors of a biography of John Bardeen, Shockley had proposed that Bell Labs ' first patent for a transistor should be based on the field-effect and that he be named as the inventor.

Instead, what Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented in 1947 was the first bipolar point-contact transistor.

John Robert Schrieffer ( born May 31, 1931 ) is an American physicist and, with John Bardeen and Leon N Cooper, recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics for developing the BCS theory, the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity.

* 1947 – William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain invent the first transistor

* 1947 – John Bardeen and Walter Brattain fabricate the first working transistor

On December 16, 1947 Brattain and John Bardeen first demonstrated a point contact transistor for the first time.

This led to the 1947 creation of the first transistor, in partnership with John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and others.

In 1956, John Bardeen shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with William Shockley of Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments and Walter Brattain of Bell Telephone Laboratories " for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect ".

Bardeen brought only one of his three children to the Nobel Prize ceremony.

In 1972, John Bardeen shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Leon N Cooper of Brown University and John Robert Schrieffer of the University of Pennsylvania for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory.

Bardeen did bring all his children to the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden.

Bardeen gave much of his Nobel Prize money to fund the Fritz London Memorial Lectures at Duke University.

His citation reads: " Theoretical physicist John Bardeen ( 1908 – 1991 ) shared the Nobel Prize in Physics twice -- in 1956, as co-inventor of the transistor and in 1972, for the explanation of superconductivity.

* 1908 – John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1991 )

File: Bardeen. jpg | John Bardeen ( 1908 – 1991 ): awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.

In acknowledgement of this accomplishment, Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics " for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect.

Eleven Nobel prizes have been awarded to Unitarians: Robert Millikan and John Bardeen ( twice ) in Physics ; Emily Green Balch, Albert Schweitzer, Linus Pauling, and Geoff Levermore for Peace ; George Wald and David H. Hubel in Medicine ; Linus Pauling in Chemistry, and Herbert A. Simon in Economics.

** John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1991 )

** John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1908 )

John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Bradford Shockley were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in physics for their work.

The Cooper pair state is responsible for superconductivity, as described in the BCS theory developed by John Bardeen, John Schrieffer and Leon Cooper for which they shared the 1972 Nobel Prize.

In 1972, Schrieffer along with John Bardeen and Leon Cooper won the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics for developing the BCS theory.

* BCS theory of conventional superconductivity, named for Nobel prize winners Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer

Among its best-known members have been historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. Jf ' 43 ; behaviorist B. F. Skinner, Jf ' 36 ; linguist Noam Chomsky, Jf ' 55 ; biologist E. O. Wilson, Jf ' 56 ; double Nobel laureate John Bardeen, Jf ' 38 ; and philosopher W. V. Quine, Jf ' 36.

In December 1972, John Bardeen, two-time winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, established an endowment fund " to perpetuate the memory of Fritz London, distinguished scientist and member of the Duke faculty from 1939 to the time of his death in 1954, and to promote research and understanding of Physics at Duke University and in the wider scientific community ".

* January 30 – John Bardeen ( b. 1908 ), American physicist, co-inventor of the transistor and twice winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

* John Bardeen, two-time Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Among those who shared their memories of such figures as Einstein, von Neumann, and Gödel were computer pioneer Herman Goldstine and Nobel laureates John Bardeen and Eugene Wigner.

John Bardeen ( May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991 ) an American physicist and electrical engineer won the Nobel prize a second time due to his work with Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory in 1972.

* Oral History interview transcript with John Bardeen 12, 16 May, 1, 22 December 1977 & 4 April 1978, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives

* Oral History interview transcript with John Bardeen 13 February 1980, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives

* Physics – John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, John Robert Schrieffer

* Physics – William Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain

He is a John Bardeen Endowed Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics and Professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he has been since 1963 .< ref >

By witnessing currents flowing through point-contacts, similar to what Bardeen and Brattain had accomplished earlier in December 1947, Mataré by June 1948, was able to produce consistent results by using samples of germanium produced by Welker.

Shockley was upset about the device being credited to Brattain and Bardeen, who he felt had built it " behind his back " to take the glory.

Schrieffer and Bardeen ’ s collaborator Cooper had discovered that electrons in a superconductor are grouped in pairs, now called Cooper pairs, and that the motions of all Cooper pairs within a single superconductor are correlated and function as a single entity.