" Wertham wrote, " Only someone ignorant of the fundamentals of psychiatry and of the psychopathology of sex can fail to realize a subtle atmosphere of homoeroticism which pervades the adventures of the mature ' Batman ' and his young friend ' Robin.

Andy Medhurst wrote in his 1991 essay " Batman, Deviance, and Camp " that Batman is interesting to gay audiences because " he was one of the first fictional characters to be attacked on the grounds of his presumed homosexuality ," " the 1960s TV series remains a touchstone of camp ," and " merits analysis as a notably successful construction of masculinity.

Writer Alan Grant has stated, " The Batman I wrote for 13 years isn't gay.

Denny O ' Neil's Batman, Marv Wolfman's Batman, everybody's Batman all the way back to Bob Kane ... none of them wrote him as a gay character.

Next, Burton wrote and produced ( but did not direct, due to schedule constraints on Batman Returns ) The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) for Disney, originally meant to be a children's book in rhyme.

In July, 1939, just two issues after the characters ' debut by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, Fox wrote the first of his several tales of the Batman, introducing an early villain in " The Batman Meets Doctor Death ".

In 2006 McFarlane announced plans for Spawn / Batman with artist Greg Capullo, which McFarlane wrote and inked, which paid tribute to Jack Kirby.

He was the initial writer of the Batman Family title and paired Batgirl and Robin together as a team in the first issue ( Sept .- Oct. 1975 ) Maggin wrote a licensed Welcome Back, Kotter comic book series which was based on the popular ABC sitcom.

In Batman stories the character of Robin was intended to be the Batman's Watson: Bill Finger, writer for many early Batman adventures, wrote:

His next Vertigo project-the post-apocalyptic series Deadenders ( 2000 – 01 )-ran for 16 issues while Brubaker wrote for both Batman and Detective Comics for parent-company DC.

Elfman also wrote the themes for more than a dozen TV series, including The Simpsons, Batman: The Animated Series, Tales from the Crypt and Desperate Housewives.

Jean-Marc Lofficier wrote Superman's Metropolis, a trilogy of graphic novels for DC Comics illustrated by Ted McKeever, the second of which was entitled Batman: Nosferatu, most of the plot derived from The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari.

Schwartz wrote his first Batman story in 1942, expanding into the Batman newspaper comic strip in August 1944 and the Superman strip two months later.

He wrote World's Finest Comics # 71 ( July 1954 ), the issue which began featuring Superman and Batman in the same story together.

He also wrote background and theme music for television shows, including Batman and The Odd Couple.

Starlin then wrote the four-issue miniseries Batman: The Cult ( Aug .- Nov. 1988 ) drawn by Wrightson.

Kieth then wrote and drew the five-issue series Batman: Secrets, featuring the Joker, and Batman / Lobo: Deadly Serious, a two-issue miniseries starting in August 2007.

Finger, who said he also devised the character's civilian name, Bruce Wayne, wrote the first Batman story, while Kane provided art.

Among the most successful of these was Batman: Arkham Asylum ( 2009 ), which was released by Rocksteady Studios to critical acclaim ; review aggregator Metacritic reports it as having received 92 % positive reviews.

Despite reports that he was a contender for Batman in Batman Begins, Cavill confirmed that he never auditioned for nor was offered the role.

John Batman, a successful farmer in northern Tasmania, also desired more grazing land.

1984 – 2000 ) has even more potential starting points, but is generally agreed to be the publication of Frank Miller's Batman: The Dark Knight Returns and Alan Moore's Watchmen by DC Comics in 1986, as well as the publication of DC's Crisis on Infinite Earths, written by Marv Wolfman with pencils by George Pérez.

However another potential is the Batman foe Doctor Death, an evil Scientist who used poisons.

The mouth of the Yarra River was later inspected in May and June 1835 by a party led by John Batman who recognised the potential of the Melbourne townsite for settlement.

His best-known works include Green Lantern / Green Arrow and Batman with Neal Adams, The Shadow with Mike Kaluta and The Question with Denys Cowan, all of which were hailed for their sophisticated stories that expanded the artistic potential of the mainstream portion of the medium.

In this series, the sadistic and psychopathic Batman takes the young pre-teen acrobat in as a potential sidekick, but berates and abuses him, preventing the boy from coming to terms with the recent killings of his parents and keeping him a virtual prisoner in the Batcave.

After Bane enters the League of Assassins, Ra's considers Bane a potential heir to his empire instead of Batman and wants his daughter to marry him.

Nevertheless, stating that the message has been delivered, Azrael leaves stating to Batman that they will meet again, creating a cliffhanger for any potential sequel.

Apart from the likely wanderings of the escaped English convict, William Buckley, who lived among the Wautharong people around the Bellarine Peninsula for 32 years after escaping into the bush in 1803, there was little European contact with the area until the arrival of the pioneer settler, John Batman, and his Port Phillip Association expedition in 1835.

Wedge and the Batman party quickly abandoned Bellarine and Indented Head and followed them there.

the Extra-Terrestrial, Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Batman, Rain Man, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Back to the Future, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Top Gun, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Back to the Future Part II, Crocodile Dundee, Fatal Attraction and Beverly Hills Cop.

* Batman Lane, Surry Hills, New South Wales

Batman has also starred in multiple video games, most of which were adaptations of the various cinematic or animated incarnations of the character.

It was followed by the sequel Batman: Arkham City ( 2011 ), which also received widespread acclaim and holds a Metacritic ranking of 94 %.

" He claimed, " The Batman type of story may stimulate children to homosexual fantasies, of the nature of which they may be unconscious.

In 1995, Barrymore starred in Boys on the Side opposite Whoopi Goldberg and Mary-Louise Parker, and had a cameo role in Joel Schumacher's film Batman Forever, in which she portrayed a moll to Tommy Lee Jones ' character, Two-Face.

In addition to comics, it was designed for DC properties in other media, which was used for movies since Batman Begins, Superman Returns, and the TV series Smallville, Justice League Unlimited and The Batman, as well as for collectibles and other merchandise.

The remaining fragments are wrapped in lead and hurled into the sun by Superman himself, except for one fragment, which Superman gives to Batman.

Ironically, Batman ultimately learns that the entire debacle was the fault of Luthor alone as he attempted to take control of Gotham by forging deeds for the land in his name, which results in Bruce Wayne severing all commercial ties between the U. S. government and his company, Wayne Enterprises, in protest of Luthor's election as President.

This was predicated by an attempt on Luthor's part to link Superman to a kryptonite asteroid that is hurtling toward Earth, claiming that he had ' evidence '- which he declined to share while claiming that it would make the public laud his actions if they knew it-that the asteroid was being drawn to Earth by Superman, offering a billion dollar reward for Superman's capture that pitted Superman and Batman against an army of villains, all of whom they defeated.

The madness that is a side effect of Venom takes hold, and during the ensuing fight with Superman and Batman, Luthor admits he had traded the creature Doomsday to Darkseid in return for weapons during the Our Worlds at War crisis ; in doing so, he inadvertently provides a confession which is captured on video by Batman.

", in which he joins the Joker and Cheetah to battle the DC Trinity ( Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman ).

Inspired by his father's love of newspaper comic strips, particularly Hal Foster's Prince Valiant, Ditko found his interest in comics accelerated by the introduction of superhero Batman in 1940, and by Will Eisner's The Spirit, which appeared in a tabloid-sized comic-book insert in Sunday newspapers.

He is famous for his dark, quirky-themed movies such as Beetlejuice, Edward Scissorhands, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Ed Wood, Sleepy Hollow, Corpse Bride, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, 9 and Dark Shadows, and for blockbusters such as Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Batman, Batman Returns, Planet of the Apes, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Alice in Wonderland, which was the second highest-grossing film of 2010, and the twelfth highest-grossing film of all time.

The result was Batman Returns which featured Michael Keaton returning as the Dark Knight, and a new triad of villains: Danny DeVito ( as the Penguin ), Michelle Pfeiffer ( as Catwoman ) and Christopher Walken as Max Shreck, an evil corporate tycoon and original character created for the film ( similar to Superman IIIs Ross Webster ).

These include the story that Orson Welles began work on a Batman movie in the 1940s, which was to feature James Cagney as The Riddler and Marlene Dietrich as Catwoman ; the persistent rumour that the rock singer Courtney Love is the granddaughter of Marlon Brando ; and the idea that in a famous 1970s poster of Farrah Fawcett, there is a subliminal sexual message concealed in the actress's hair.

Early in the development of Batman Forever, Dolenz was a contender for the role of The Riddler, which ultimately went to Jim Carrey.

When The WB added the Kids ' WB programming block in 1995, Warner Bros. Animation-produced Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs and later Batman: The Animated Series, ( all of which originated either on Fox Kids or in syndication ) moved to Kids ' WB with new productions and original shows included.

In 1992, Urich hosted the CBS TV special The Bat, the Cat, and the Penguin, which was a behind-the-scenes look of the upcoming motion picture Batman Returns.

It was canceled after ratings dropped to a low due to the premiere of ABC's Batman, which was in full color.

In 2007 he appeared in Flawless, while in 2008 and 2012 he reprised his role as Alfred in Christopher Nolan's critically acclaimed Batman sequels, The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises as well as starring in the British drama Is Anybody There ?, which explores the final days of life.

Caine reprised his role as Alfred Pennyworth in the Batman sequel, The Dark Knight Rises, which was released in July 2012.