Because of dysprosium's high thermal neutron absorption cross-section, dysprosium oxide-nickel cermets are used in neutron-absorbing control rods in nuclear reactors.

Because mesons are composed of sub-particles, they have a physical size, with a radius roughly one femtometre, which is about the size of a proton or neutron.

Because of this, it would take an infinite amount of energy to separate two quarks ; they are forever bound into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron.

Because the core was surrounded by a good neutron reflector, at explosion it comprised almost 2. 5 critical masses.

Because the peak neutron flux and fission reaction rates would occur outside of the vehicle, these activities could be much more vigorous than they could be if it was necessary to house them in a vessel ( which would have temperature limits due to materials constraints ).

* Because water acts as a neutron moderator, it is not possible to build a fast neutron reactor with a PWR design.

Because the stainless steel fuel cladding has a higher neutron capture cross section than Magnox fuel cans, enriched uranium fuel is needed, with the benefit of higher " burn ups " of 18, 000 MW < sub > t </ sub >- days per tonne of fuel, requiring less frequent refuelling.

Because no supernova is perfectly symmetric, the neutron star will be left with a small velocity relative to its original orbit.

Because of the high temperature, unusual nuclear processes may take place as the envelope of the red giant falls onto the neutron star's surface.

Because a bomb relies on fast neutrons ( not ones moderated by reflection with light elements, as in a reactor ) the tamper in a bomb is not functioning as a neutron reflector.

Because compact stars have high gravitational fields, the material falls with a high velocity towards the neutron star, usually colliding with other accreted material en route, forming an accretion disk.

Because these elements have different capture cross sections for neutrons of varying energies, the compositions of the control rods must be designed for the neutron spectrum of the reactor it is supposed to control.

Because gravity is comparatively weak compared to other fundamental forces, gravitational collapse is usually associated with very massive bodies or collections of bodies, such as stars ( including collapsed stars such as supernovae, neutron stars and black holes ) and massive collections of stars such as globular clusters and galaxies.

Because of the low count rates involved in neutron scattering experiments, relatively long periods of beam time ( on the order of days ) are usually required to get good data.

Because of this dilution and because < sup > 105 </ sup > Pd has 11 times the neutron absorption cross section, < sup > 107 </ sup > Pd is not amenable to disposal by nuclear transmutation.

Because Pu-243 has little opportunity to capture an additional neutron before decay, the nuclear fuel cycle does not produce the extremely long-lived Pu-244 in significant quantity.

Because of this, scattering processes and decay of unstable particles are important in cosmology.

Because fiber optic materials are already highly optimized for low scattering and high transparency alternative ways to change the refractive index were investigated.

Because the location of a single scattering center is not usually well known relative to the path of the radiation, the outcome, which tends to depend strongly on the exact incoming trajectory, appears random to an observer.

Because of the particular logistics of scattering ashes at sea, there are commercial services that do so for a fee.

Because of the Ōnin War, the scattering of the Court Nobility, and the poverty of the Imperial Court, the Emperor's authority fell to a low point.

Because protons are negligibly pressured by the analog of Thomson scattering, due to their larger mass, the result is to create a slight charge separation and therefore a radially directed electric field, acting to lift the positive charges, which are typically free protons under the conditions in stellar atmospheres.

Because even a low-powered green laser is visible at night through Rayleigh scattering from air molecules, this type of pointer is used by astronomers to easily point out stars and constellations.

Because noble gas atoms have a relatively high first ionization energy and the electrons do not carry enough energy to cause excited electronic states, ionization and excitation of the atom are unlikely, and the probability of elastic scattering over all angles is approximately equal to the probability of collision.

Because the optical theorem is derived using only conservation of energy, or in quantum mechanics from conservation of probability, the optical theorem is widely applicable and, in quantum mechanics, includes both elastic and inelastic scattering.

Because this range of non-zero amplitude may be very broad or infinite, this definition is typically relaxed so that the bandwidth is defined as the range of frequencies in which the signal's spectral density is above a certain threshold relative to its maximum.

Because the output pulses have a fixed amplitude, the switching elements ( usually MOSFETs, but valves ( vacuum tubes ) and bipolar transistors were once used ) are switched either completely on or completely off, rather than operated in linear mode.

Because a different population of anterior horn cells is stimulated with each stimulation, each F wave have a slightly different shape, amplitude and latency.

Because the reflected and incident waves propagate in the same medium and make the same angle with the normal to the surface, the amplitude reflection coefficient is related to the reflectance R by

* Because bass sounds have a higher amplitude than high frequency sounds ( for the same perceived loudness ), the space taken in the groove by low frequency sounds needed to be large ( limiting playback time per side of the record ) to accommodate the bass notes, yet the high frequencies required only tiny variations in the groove, which were easily affected by noise from irregularities ( wear, contaminates, etc.

Because the FM modulation of SECAM's color sub carrier is insensitive to phase ( or amplitude ) errors, phase errors do not cause loss of color saturation in SECAM, although they do in PAL.

Because of their high amplitude to wavelength ratio, ultrasonic waves commonly display nonlinear propagation.

Because the MO activity is usually very small, normally less than 1 °, in conventional systems, the monochromator produces quasi-monochromatic light in a narrow wavelength window since the amplitude of modulation is wavelength dependent.

Because amplitude varies directly with sound pressure ( A = k < sub > 1 </ sub > P ) and sound pressure varies directly with distance ( P = k < sub > 2 </ sub > d ), such that amplitude also varies directly with distance ( A = k < sub > 1 </ sub >( k < sub > 2 </ sub > d ) = k < sub > 1 </ sub > k < sub > 2 </ sub > d ), the amplitude of the sound as perceived by the listener will be greatest when the speaker is at the point in its rotation closest to the listener and least when the speaker is farthest away.

Because the speaker is constantly moving either toward or away from the listener, however, the mechanism's rotation is constantly affecting the listener-perceived sound's wavelength by either " stretching " the wave ( increasing wavelength ) or " squeezing " it ( decreasing wavelength ) -- and because frequency, i. e., pitch, is inversely proportional to wavelength, such that increasing wavelength decreases frequency and vice versa, any listener for whom the speaker's motion changes the sound's perceived amplitude ( i. e., any listener whose distance from the speaker is changing ) must also perceive a change in frequency.

Because of their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude, they can be the most destructive type of seismic wave.

Because the wave amplitude increases with decreasing density this easterly acceleration process is not effective at fairly high levels.

Because of the low amplitude of the signal once it reaches the patient's scalp and the relatively high amount of electrical noise caused by background EEG, scalp muscle EMG or electrical devices in the room, the signal must be averaged.

Because MEP amplitude is correlated with motor excitability, they offer a quantitative way to test the role of various types of intervention on the motor system ( pharmacological, behavioral, lesion ...) TMS-induced MEPs may thus serve as a index of covert motor preparation or facilitation, e. g., induced by the mirror neuron system when seeing someone's else actions.

Because the human ear is very sensitive to sudden changes, however, it is necessary for the success of the illusion that the amplitude of the tone in the region of the discontinuity not decrease or increase too abruptly.

Because the conic section shape describes a portion of a perfect sphere of radiated sound, cones have no phase or amplitude distortion of the wavefront.

Because the two coils are wired in series, the resulting signal that is output by the pickup is larger in amplitude, thus more able to overdrive the early stages of the amplifier.

Because sinusoids are a sum of complex exponentials with complex-conjugate frequencies, if the input to the system is a sinusoid, then the output of the system will also be a sinusoid, perhaps with a different amplitude and a different phase, but always with the same frequency.

The perturbation introduced to the system is described by a velocity field of infinitesimally small amplitude, Because the fluid is assumed incompressible, this velocity field has the streamfunction representation

Because of the enhanced field amplitude, effects that depend on the amplitude such as magneto-optical effect are also enhanced by LSPRs.

Because of its distinct biomechanics ( see section below ), the term high velocity low amplitude ( HVLA ) thrust is often used interchangeably with manipulation.