Before merging them into a common profile it is well to remember that their separate careers were extraordinary.

Before being daughter, wife, or mother, before being cultured ( a word now bereft both socially and politically of the sheen you children of frontiersmen bestowed on it ), before being sorry for the poor, progressive about public health, and prettily if somewhat imprecisely humanitarian, indeed first and foremost, you were a lady.

Before that we lumber dealers were working almost single-handed on the problem ''.

Before WWII British ' social anthropology ' and American ' cultural anthropology ' were still distinct traditions.

Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales: a very large order containing almost all monocots with colourful tepals and without starch in their endosperm.

Before that time, at the peak of the last ice age ( c. 16, 000 BC ) sea levels everywhere were 130 metres lower, and there were large well-watered coastal plains instead of much of the northern Aegean.

Before the 20th century, most manufactured products were made individually by hand.

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore.

Before Caesar's time they had attached themselves to the Romans, and were honoured with the title of brothers and kinsmen of the Roman people.

Before the arrival of the British, Rajputs, Jats, the Kathats, Cheetas and Rawat Rajputs were land-holders, as well as cultivators.

Before the Second World War, air shows were associated with long distance air races, often lasting many days and covering thousands of miles.

Before the 19th century, tattoos and piercings were very common among the Aleut people, especially among women.

Before the invention of electronic amplifiers, mechanically coupled carbon microphones were also used as amplifiers in telephone repeaters for long distance service.

Before that time, all sacrifices were counted as sacrifice hits ( SH ), which included both sacrifice flies and bunts.

Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminium.

Before that, and in some places thereafter, bikes were known primarily as velocipedes .< ref >

Before the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive and used only for special-purpose tasks.

Before this time bricks were generally made close to their point of intended use.

Before this discovery, it is widely believed that bricks appeared about 3000 years ago in the Western Zhou dynasty since the earliest bricks were found in Western Zhou ruins.

Before Broadway became one-way, the main bus routes along it were the New York City Omnibus Company's ( NYCO ) 6 ( Broadway below Times Square ), 7 ( Broadway and Columbus Avenue ), and 11 ( Ninth and Amsterdam Avenues ), and the Surface Transportation Corporation's M100 ( Kingsbridge ) and M104 ( Broadway Branch ).

Before the rise of the mendicant orders ( wandering friars ) in the thirteenth century, the daily services were usually contained in a number of large volumes.

Before the advent of printing, breviaries were written by hand and were often richly decorated with initials and miniature illustrations telling stories in the lives of Christ or the saints, or stories from the Bible.

Before the DNS was invented in 1982, each computer on the network retrieved a file called HOSTS. TXT from a computer at SRI ( now SRI International ).

Before plastics were invented, ivory was important for cutlery handles, musical instruments, billiard balls, and many other items.

Before printer's magenta was invented in the 1890s for CMYK printing, and electric magenta was invented in the 1980s for computer displays, these two artificially engineered colors were preceded by the color displayed at right, which is the color originally called fuchsine made from coal tar dyes in the year 1859.

Before numbers were even invented, counting devices were used to perform everyday calculations ; one of these devices was the abacus, which provided merchants good and accurate data when buying and selling goods.

Before rubber was invented, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels to prevent wear and tear.

Before X-ray examination, its clockwork-like appearance ( dating about 1, 000 years before clocks were invented ) was cited as evidence of alien visitation by fringe sources.

Before plastics were invented, steel vessels covered with a ceramic called enamelware were the norm in American homes.

Before, in about 1854 – 57, two Italians ( Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci ) invented an engine that was rumored to be very similar, but the patent was lost.

Before true-waterproof zippers were invented, other methods of keeping the suit waterproof at the entry point had to be devised, with the most common being a long rubber entry tunnel which would be flattened shut, then rolled together from the sides and finally folded and clamped with a metal clip.

Before rubber was invented, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels in order to prevent wear and tear.

Before it was invented, plain dosa was served with potato curry ( liquified potato palya ) without onions in a separate cup.

Before the safety match was invented, matches were dangerous for the workers in the factory because the use of the very poisonous white / yellow phosphorus that the workers were inhaling, in particular those who worked with the application on the sticks.

Before belay devices were invented, the rope was simply passed around the belayer's hips to create friction.

Before Edward Larsson's sheet of runic alphabets surfaced in Sweden in 2004, when the stone was exhibited there, it seemed as if the Kensington runes were gathered from many different futharks, or in a few cases invented by the carver.

* Before VTRs were invented, TV shows were recorded to film, for archive and later broadcast on a Kinescope.

Before the 18th century the small dimples on the outside of a thimble were made by hand punching, but in the middle of that century, a machine was invented to do the job.

Before Muntz developed the Stereo-Pak, the only in-car units capable of recorded playback were gramophone-based players, such as the Highway Hi-Fi invented by Peter Goldmark.

Before 1830, when Edwin Beard Budding invented the lawnmower, lawns were often kept cropped by grazing sheep on them.

Before the toothbrush was invented, teeth were cleaned with hard and soft dental woods.

Before lightmaps were invented, realtime applications relied purely on Gouraud shading to interpolate vertex lighting for surfaces.

Before the block heater was invented, people utilized various means of warming engines before starting them, such as pouring hot water on the engine block or draining the engine's oil for storage inside overnight.

Before the benzodiazepines were invented, there were the barbiturates, which are still used today if benzodiazepines or the hydantoins are not an option.

Before the Harrington rod was invented, scoliosis patients had their spines fused without any instrumentation to support it ; such fusions required many months in plaster casts, and large curvatures could progress despite fusion.