Before the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive and used only for special-purpose tasks.

Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the " state of the art ", and many thought they were the future of computing.

Before LG Enhanced IPS was introduced in 2009, the additional transistors resulted in blocking more transmission area, thus requiring a brighter backlight and consuming more power, making this type of display less desirable for notebook computers.

Before standard benchmarks were available, average speed rating of computers was based on calculations for a mix of instructions with the results given in kilo Instructions Per Second ( kIPS ).

Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables.

Before the early 1960s, computers were mainly used for number-crunching rather than for text, and memory was extremely expensive.

Before vacuum tubes and transistors, relays were used as logical elements in digital computers.

Before the advent of the touchpad, small trackballs were common on portable computers, where there may be no desk space on which to run a mouse.

Before the release of DeCSS, there was no way for computers running a Linux-based operating system to play video DVDs.

Before the advent of personal computers such as the Apple II and the IBM Personal Computer ( IBM PC ), the computer market was dominated by costly mainframes and minicomputers equipped with dumb terminals that time-shared processing time of the central computer.

Before the widespread availability of Internet connectivity, computers were only connected by smaller private networks within a company or organization.

Before it became possible to simulate molecular dynamics with computers, some undertook the hard work of trying it with physical models such as macroscopic spheres.

Before the advent of computers for camera motion control and CGI, movies used a variety of approaches to achieve animated special effects.

Before this transition, Terra Soft Solutions held the unique distinction of being the only company licensed by Apple to resell Apple computers with Linux pre-installed ( or for that matter, with any operating system other than Mac OS X ).

Before computers were affordable, most embroidery was completed by punching designs on paper tape that then ran through an embroidery machine.

Before the introduction of the microprocessor in the early 1970s, computers were generally large, costly systems owned by large institutions: corporations, universities, government agencies, and the like.

Before digital music synthesizers became common, at least some analog synthesizers ( such as the ARP 2600 ) used analog multipliers for this purpose ; they were closely related to those used in electronic analog computers.

Before the advent of computers, lookup tables of values were used by people to speed up hand calculations of complex functions, such as in trigonometry, logarithms, and statistical density functions

Before digital computers existed, such ideas were not just outlandish but also mostly unheard of.

Before graphical operating systems like Windows, most home computers used text-based operating systems such as DOS.

Before computers, photo manipulation was achieved by retouching with ink, paint, double-exposure, piecing photos or negatives together in the darkroom, or scratching Polaroids.

Before rapid digital computers were available, the data processing was done using an optical holography technique.

Before the existence of the Apple Store, Apple sold computers through authorized resellers, either brick and mortar or mail order.

Before the advent of computers in publishing, clip art was used through a process called paste up.

' Before the 2003 invasion of Iraq Dr. Muayad Said described the structure before the filling of the reservoir: ' It has an octagonal body enhanced by alcoves, some of which are blind.

Before that, and in some places thereafter, bikes were known primarily as velocipedes .< ref >

Due to the Gregorian calendar's obvious connotations of Western Christianity, non-Christians and even some Christians sometimes replace the traditional era notations " AD " and " BC " (" Anno Domini " and " Before Christ ") with " CE " and " BCE " (" Common Era " and " Before Common Era ").

Before the 1970s, community colleges in the United States were more commonly referred to as junior colleges, and that term is still used at some institutions.

Some are non-verbal ( Marmaduke, The Angriest Dog in the World ), some have verbal thoughts but are not understood by humans, ( Garfield, Snoopy in Peanuts ), and some can converse with humans ( Bloom County, Calvin and Hobbes, Mutts, Citizen Dog, Buckles, Get Fuzzy, Pearls Before Swine and Pooch Cafe ).

Fire Bet: Before the shooter begins, some casinos will allow a bet known as a fire bet to be placed.

Before the impact, models of Jupiter's atmosphere had indicated that the break-up of the largest fragments would occur at atmospheric pressures of anywhere from 30 kilopascals to a few tens of megapascals ( from 0. 3 to a few hundred bar ), with some predictions that the comet would penetrate a layer of water and create a bluish shroud over that region of Jupiter.

Before Maimonides concluded this, Sunni Muslims officially prohibited mutah ( i. e. temporary marriage ) relationships ; some commentators ' suggest that Maimonides changed his view in response to this development, similar to Gershom ben Judah's ban on polygamy being made after Christians had prohibited it.

Before the year 1830 drew to a close, both Marshal Sucre and Simón Bolívar would be dead ; the former, murdered ( on orders from a jealous General Flores, according to some historians ), and the latter, from tuberculosis.

Before World War I, Portuguese forces, with some assistance from the Muslim population, subdued animist tribes and eventually established the territory's borders.

Before cheap Internet, there were some geographically compact communities where the culture encouraged Weinberg's egoless programming, and a developer could easily attract a lot of skilled kibitzers and co-developers.

Before IBAN, differing national standards for bank account identification ( i. e., bank, branch, routing codes, and account number ) were confusing for some users.

Before Jack and I moved to Montreal, we had just been through some very rough treatment in the racially biased South during spring training in Florida.

Before becoming a manga artist, Asamiya graduated from the Tokyo Designer School, then worked as a character designer for a number of anime series, and even designed models for some of the later Godzilla films ( 1980s ).

Before the 1960s ( and in some cases decades after ), many materials science departments were named metallurgy departments, from a 19th and early 20th century emphasis on metals.

Before the Mariner 4 spacecraft arrived at Mars in July 1965 and dispelled some of the more exotic theories about the planet, the conventional image of Mars was shaped by the observations of the astronomers Giovanni Schiaparelli and Percival Lowell.

Before la Jeune Parque, Valéry's only publications of note were dialogues, articles, some poems, and a study of Leonardo da Vinci.

Before they reached the city, however, the remains were seized by some citizens of Ravenna and buried there in the Church of Santa Maria Rotonda, the burial place of Theodoric the Great.

Before leaving Hollywood for Europe in 1952, following the problematic production The Crimson Pirate for Warner Bros., his third and last film with Burt Lancaster, Siodmak had directed some of the era's best film noirs, more than any other director who worked in that genre, twelve in all.

Before colonization, Sumba was inhabited by several small ethnolinguistic groups, some of which may have had tributary relations to the Majapahit Empire.

Before a statute becomes law in some countries, it must be agreed upon by the highest executive in the government, and finally published as part of a code.

Before it is registered, it is common practice ( with some legal standing ) to use the service mark symbol ℠ ( a superscript SM ).