Before the widespread use of non-linear editing systems, the initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint ( cutting copy in UK ) by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a Moviola, or " flatbed " machine such as a K .- E .- M. or Steenbeck.

Before digital technology became widespread, for many decades, the scanned data was transmitted as analog.

Before the widespread availability of incendiary ammunition made commerce raiding too risky, they would also land or hover close to a merchant ship suspected of carrying contraband, order all ship's hands to leave in boats, then inspect the ship, and either destroy it or take it back to Germany as prize.

Before motorized transport became widespread, drummers played a key role in military conflicts.

Before the widespread use of Unix, TOPS-10 was a particularly popular system in universities, and in the early ARPANET community.

Before the widespread adoption of the web and e-mail beginning around 1994, publications such as Factsheet Five formed a vital directory for connecting like-minded people.

Before the widespread use of a vaccine against measles, its incidence was so high that infection with measles was felt to be " as inevitable as death and taxes.

Before local elections and in the face of widespread residents ' opposition to the distribution center, the Buda City Council unanimously voted against the land change.

Before the use of chopsticks became widespread, in the Nara period, rice was often rolled into a small ball so that it could be easily picked up.

Before the vaccine to rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6 – 9 years in the United States and 3 – 5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group.

* Before the widespread adoption of CAD, engineering plans or architectural drawings were plotted onto sheets of boPET film.

Before the early 1970s, hand-held electronic calculators were not yet in widespread use.

Before the mission of Lunar Prospector lunar satellite, it was commonly thought that these KREEP materials had been formed in a widespread layer beneath the crust.

Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like eggnog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings.

Before this the sale of hides, grain, honey, and wax to the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and Poland, and the import of silk, weapons and other manufactured goods from these areas had been widespread, but by the end of the 16th century the Ottoman Empire became the main market for Romanian products.

Before widespread formal education, Cantonese opera taught morals and messages to its audiences rather than being solely entertainment.

One of the first uses of perspective was in Giotto ’ s Jesus Before the Caïf, more than 100 years before Brunelleschi ’ s perspectival demonstrations galvanized the widespread use of convergent perspective of the Renaissance proper.

Before it was even in widespread service it was seeing major improvements.

Sariel is identified as being the same angel as Saraqael, said in the Book of Enoch to be the fifth archangel, set over spirits who sin in the spirit, change into all virtues, to eradicate particularly widespread vices of a city or a whole district and transform into all virtues, Before the identification of Sariel / Saraqael as the fifth archangel, however, the Book of Enoch identifies Sariel as one of the fallen host's " chiefs of tens.

Before the widespread use of gel electrophoresis, protein electrophoresis was performed as free flow electrophoresis, on paper, or as immunoelectrophoresis.

Before diesel engines came into widespread use, a similar system, using a petrol ( gasoline ) engine and called petrol-electric or gas-electric, was sometimes used.

Before widespread acceptance of any new test, the former test retains its status as the " gold standard.

Before the widespread use of online trading for the general public, paper trading was considered too difficult by many new investors.

Before electricity became sufficiently widespread and economical to allow for general public use, gas was the most popular means of lighting in cities and suburbs.

Before the general availability of early military non-lethal weapons in the mid 1990s, war-fighters had few or no casualty-limiting options for the employment of scalable force and were continually at risk whenever lethal force was prohibited during sensitive missions.

Before that, heavy taxes and outright bans on imports that competed with local produce severely limited the availability of foreign or unseasonal food, but now Finnish supermarkets and restaurants serve up a wide variety of food from all over the world.

Before implementing a virtual queue, some thought should be given to the availability of substitutes.

Before a project schedule can be created, the schedule maker should have a work breakdown structure ( WBS ), an effort estimate for each task, and a resource list with availability for each resource.

Before the availability of metal the oar was normally levered against 2 wooden pins called Thole pins inserted in the gunwhale.

Before the availability of cheap and accurate thermometers, cooks would use the ice water test, also known as the cold water test, to determine the saturation of the confection.

Before the availability of genetic evidence, the classification of angiosperms ( also known as flowering plants, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta ) was based on their morphology ( particularly of their flower ) and biochemistry ( the kinds of chemical compounds in the plant ).

Before arrival to the hospital, the availability of advanced life support does not greatly improve the outcome for major trauma victims, when compared to the administration of basic life support.

Before the availability of lasers and other electric lights, heliostats were widely used to produce intense, stationary beams of light for scientific and other purposes.

Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Federal Air Marshal Service consisted of varying numbers of FAMs depending upon the perceived threat and funding availability.

Before the Second World War, metal was the standard material used for surface plates, however, after the war efforts of various countries put a strain on the availability of metal, a monument and metal shop owner ( Wallace Herman ) in Dayton, Ohio started using granite in place of metal for his surface plates.

Before the widespread availability of photography, the facial features of unidentified bodies were sometimes preserved by creating death masks so that relatives of the deceased could recognize them if they were seeking a missing person.

Before the availability of digital image and text processing tools, preparing camera-ready art for use in printing ( literal cut and paste or paste up ) depended heavily on the use of knives like the X-Acto for trimming and manipulating slips of paper.

Before the wide availability of inexpensive stainless steel cutlery they were used for cutting citrus fruit, tomatoes, and other acidic foods, the flavor of which would be tainted by steel knives and which would stain ordinary steel knives.

Before commercial Internet access became common, these networks of BBSes provided regional and international e-mail and message bases.

Before cheap Internet, there were some geographically compact communities where the culture encouraged Weinberg's egoless programming, and a developer could easily attract a lot of skilled kibitzers and co-developers.

Before the establishment of ICANN, the Government of the United States controlled the domain name system of the Internet.

*" Before and After Internet Radio "- Medieval, Renaissance, Modern Classical music

Before that, Fair Grove didn't have any High Speed Internet providers-many residents and businesses had to get their Internet via satellite or they had to have Dial-Up service.

Before AFRINIC was formed, IP addresses for Africa were distributed by the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre ( APNIC ), the American Registry for Internet Numbers ( ARIN ), and the RIPE NCC.

* Before 1995-An Internet Café called 3C + T appeared in Shanghai, probably the first in China.

Before joining the Department of Energy, McSlarrow served as Vice President of Political and Government Affairs for Grassroots. com, a privately-held Internet company which marketed web-based political tools and services.

Before that he was Chief Scientist at Junglee, where he helped develop one of the first Internet comparison shopping services ; Chief designer at Harlequin Inc .; and Senior Scientist at Sun Microsystems Laboratories.

Before the merger with CBS Radio, LAUNCHcast only worked with Microsoft's Internet Explorer 6. 0 and up web browser with Flash 6. 0 or higher, and in Yahoo!

Before the advent of digital OPACs and the Internet, the work of creating and maintaining a library's authority files was generally carried out by individual cataloging departments ( if it was done at all ).

Before their broadcast, Severe Tire Damage returned to the Internet, this time becoming the " opening act " for the Stones.

His 2011 book, The Storm Before the Calm launched this website, in collaboration with friends who share " his commitment to create a special place in the world of the Internet where people might engage with each other just as they do on other popular Social Media sites ... but in this case with a particular focus, purpose, and reason: to companion with each other, and to explore and share with each other, their discoveries, adventures, and questions about the world's New Spiritual Experience.

Before ubiquitous Internet connectivity, such patches were typically only available through BBS downloads by modem owners and informal person-to-person copying, and thus many gamers were only able to play the originally-released version.

* The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge at The Internet Movie Database

Before his death in 1989, Hank Greenspun founded The Greenspun Corporation to manage his family's assets, and it remains a major influence in Las Vegas, with media holdings in print, television and the Internet ; substantial real estate holdings ; and ownership stakes in a number of casinos.

Before version 6, Internet Explorer used an algorithm for determining the width of an element's box which conflicted with the algorithm detailed in the CSS specification, and due to Internet Explorer's popularity many pages were created which relied upon this incorrect algorithm.