Before Stalin's consolidation of power, the Central Committee featured open debate, where even leading officials could be criticised.

Before the arrival of European settlers, the history of the Saharan region is mainly characterized by the consolidation of settlements in large state entities – the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire and the Songhai Empire.

Before the district was formed by consolidation in 1958, Eastvale operated its own school district.

Before 2008, the likelihood of consolidation was low.

Before consolidation, the school had about 1, 100 students enrolled per year ; enrollment has now settled to slightly above 600 students.

Before the 2009 consolidation, Kiukainen was twinned with:

Before consolidation with the city, what is now the Northeast consisted of the townships of Byberry, Delaware, Lower Dublin, Moreland, and Oxford, ( largely rural areas ); and the boroughs of Bridesburg, Frankford, and White Hall, which were more urbanized.

Before the consolidation into the B & W, an interchange with the Framingham, Southboro and Marlborough Street Railway existed at Framingham Center.

Before World War II, Sterlitamak was growing rapidly, mainly due to consolidation of enterprises and the construction of new ones.

Before that consolidation, it ran 128 issues.

Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales: a very large order containing almost all monocots with colourful tepals and without starch in their endosperm.

Before the enactment of the metric system, many countries in Europe used their own official acres.

Before the Second World War, air shows were associated with long distance air races, often lasting many days and covering thousands of miles.

This important fact led many C programmers to humorously issue the backronym Before C Programming Language.

Before the Dutch retook control of the islands, the British removed many nutmeg trees and transplanted them to Ceylon and other British colonies.

Before there was an official standard for C, many users and implementors relied on an informal specification contained in a book by Ritchie and Brian Kernighan ; that version is generally referred to as " K & R " C. In 1989 the American National Standards Institute published a standard for C ( generally called " ANSI C " or " C89 ").

He also provided the voice of Jack Skellington, the main character in Tim Burton's animated Disney film The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ), and has since reprised the role in many other subsequent productions, including the Disney / Square video games Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II and the Capcom sequel to the original film, Oogie's Revenge.

Before meeting Cesare, Leonardo had worked at the Milanese court of Ludovico Sforza for many years, until Louis XII of France drove Sforza out of Italy.

Before the RISC philosophy became prominent, many computer architects tried to bridge the so called semantic gap, i. e. to design instruction sets that directly supported high-level programming constructs such as procedure calls, loop control, and complex addressing modes, allowing data structure and array accesses to be combined into single instructions.

Before many copies of the book could be printed, however, the printing press and most of the printed copies were destroyed by a mob in Missouri.

Thomas was a teenager when many of the poems for which he became famous were published: " And death shall have no dominion ", " Before I Knocked " and " The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower ".

Before the 20th century many double basses had only three strings, in contrast to the five to six strings typical of instruments in the string family or the four strings of instruments in the violin family.

Before the notion was widely adopted in the 1970s, many of the classic films noirs were referred to as melodramas.

Before digital technology became widespread, for many decades, the scanned data was transmitted as analog.

Before his relationship with Monica, Chandler dated Janice Hosenstein in season 1 and subsequently broke up with her many times.

Before Arbenz come to power in 1951, the Communist movement preferred to carry out many of their activities through the so-called mass organization.

Before the introduction of UTC on 1 January 1972 Greenwich Mean Time ( also known as Zulu time ) was the same as Universal Time ( UT ) which is a standard astronomical concept used in many technical fields.

Before, he had dates with many odd characters, whereas now, he exclusively dates Liz.

Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the " state of the art ", and many thought they were the future of computing.

Before she became associated with Greek mythology, she had many similarities with Artemis ( wilderness, and watching over wedding ceremonies )

Before plastics were invented, ivory was important for cutlery handles, musical instruments, billiard balls, and many other items.

Before James Brown appeared on stage, his personal MC gave him an elaborate introduction accompanied by drumrolls, as the MC worked in Brown's various sobriquets along with the names of many of his hit songs.

Ten of his songs were nominated for the Oscar, many written with Cahn, including " I've Heard That Song Before " (# 1 for 13 weeks for Harry James and His Orchestra in 1943 ), " I'll Walk Alone ", " It's Magic " ( a # 2 hit for Doris Day in 1948 ) and " I Fall in Love Too Easily ".

Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: " Before then ," he later wrote, " there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades.

Before we comment further on these pathological conditions, we should remember that changes in the state of the hypothalamus within physiological limits distinguish sleep from wakefulness.

Before considering these elements in more detail, an additional requirement should be stated.

Before commercial Internet access became common, these networks of BBSes provided regional and international e-mail and message bases.

Before that, it was about 7 censuses, most part of these previous censuses was undertaken during Soviet ( USSR ) control.

) Before a major fire, typical chaparral plant communities are dominated by manzanita, chamise ( also called greasewood or Adenostoma fasciculatum ) and Ceanothus species, Toyon ( which can sometimes be interspersed with scrub oaks ), and other drought-resistant shrubs with hard ( sclerophyllous ) leaves ; these plants resprout ( see resprouter ) from underground burls after a fire.

" Before the production of written languages, dance was one of the methods of passing these stories down from generation to generation.

Before these modifications, the design of their shoulders was closer to instruments of the violin family.

Before these privileges were legislated, these groups of handicraft workers were simply called ' handicraft associations '.

Before the Test series started he scored consecutive centuries against Tasmania and Australia A these were his first in two years.

Before he died, Marx asked Engels to write up these ideas, which were published in 1884 under the title The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State.

Before that, most of these patterns were more connected to geographical regions than to any clan.

Before Franklin D. Roosevelt, attempts at a third term were encouraged by supporters of Ulysses S. Grant and Theodore Roosevelt ; neither of these attempts succeeded.

Before the time of Flavius, these formularies are said to have been secret and known only to the priests.

Before these monsters the hero's courage failed and by them was led away to eternal punishment.

Before 1900, England had none of these except for the civil registration of births, marriages, and burials briefly attempted under the Commonwealth ( 1653 – 1660 ) and an even more short-lived initiative of the same kind in 1694 in connection with the attempt to raise a tax on the occasion of every birth, marriage, and death — paupers excepted.

Before the start of World War II, Germany started building U-boats and training crews, labeling these activities as " research " or concealing them using other covers.

Before and during his career as a writer, he attempted to be a publisher, printer, businessman, critic, and politician ; he failed in all of these efforts.

Before 1991 these judges were known as District Justices and addressed as " Your Worship ".

Before universal algebra came along, many theorems ( most notably the isomorphism theorems ) were proved separately in all of these fields, but with universal algebra, they can be proven once and for all for every kind of algebraic system.

Before printer's magenta was invented in the 1890s for CMYK printing, and electric magenta was invented in the 1980s for computer displays, these two artificially engineered colors were preceded by the color displayed at right, which is the color originally called fuchsine made from coal tar dyes in the year 1859.

Before these royal marriages, Darius married a commoner with whom he had three sons, Artobarzanes ( the first born ), Arabignes and Arsamenes, while daughters are not known.

Before these plans could come to effect however, the central government declared the city a protected townscape.