Before recent advances in digital photography, transparencies were widely used by professionals because of their sharpness and accuracy of color rendition.

Before vacuum tubes and transistors, relays were used as logical elements in digital computers.

Before blogging became popular, digital communities took many forms, including Usenet, commercial online services such as GEnie, BiX and the early CompuServe, e-mail listsThe term " e-log " has been used to describe journal entries sent out via e-mail since as early as March 1996.

Before B-ISDN, the original ISDN attempted to substitute the analog telephone system with a digital system which was appropriate for both voice and non-voice traffic.

Before the introduction of digital electronic high-impedance analog transistor and field effect transistor ( FETs ) voltmeters were used.

Before the advent of DVD and Blu-ray, the Video CD ( abbreviated as VCD, and also known as View CD, Compact Disc digital video ) became the first format for distributing films on standard 120 mm optical discs.

Before the advent of digital typography and desktop publishing, the two terms had a more clearly understood meanings.

Before the development of digital computing, serious trials based on automata such as El Ajedrecista of 1912, were too complex and limited to be useful for playing full games of chess.

Before digital electronics became the norm such a component was used to allow radio and television receivers and other equipment to be switched on at minimum volume with an audible click, then the volume increased, by turning a knob.

Before the launch of digital broadcasting, BBC Radio 5 Live had broadcast on analogue satellite with near-FM quality.

Before digital recording, the total number of available tracks onto which one could record was measured in multiples of 24, based on the number of 24-track tape machines being used.

Before digital music synthesizers became common, at least some analog synthesizers ( such as the ARP 2600 ) used analog multipliers for this purpose ; they were closely related to those used in electronic analog computers.

Before digital recording became practical, instruments such as the phonogene ( 1950s ) and the Mellotron ( 1960s ) used analog tape decks to play back sampled sounds.

Before digital computers existed, such ideas were not just outlandish but also mostly unheard of.

Before digital channels became commonplace, a terrestrial day's television was sometimes spread over up to three double-spreads mixed with advertisements, but this format was phased out when independent publishers were allowed to publish television program schedules.

Before the internet, copies of any work were the trigger for copyright law, but Lessig raises the point of whether copies should always be the trigger, especially when considering the way digital media sharing works.

Before PALs were introduced, designers of digital logic circuits would use small-scale integration ( SSI ) components, such as those in the 7400 series TTL ( transistor-transistor logic ) family ; the 7400 family included a variety of logic building blocks, such as gates ( NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR ), multiplexers ( MUXes ) and demultiplexers ( DEMUXes ), flip flops ( D-type, JK, etc.

Before rapid digital computers were available, the data processing was done using an optical holography technique.

Before cable systems dropped The Movie Channel ( along with Showtime and rivals Cinemax, Encore and Starz ) from their basic packages, relegating it to their digital cable packages, The Movie Channel had a high basic cable coverage rate.

Before the advent of digital clocks, 5 minutes per side was the standard for Blitz or Speed chess.

Before his death, he was raising funds for his multi-format memoir, “ Richard Leacock: The Feeling of Being There ,” a bound paper book and digital video book set to be published by Semeïon Editions.

Before the advent of digital OPACs and the Internet, the work of creating and maintaining a library's authority files was generally carried out by individual cataloging departments ( if it was done at all ).

Before digital terrain databases this involved interaction with a paper map to check the altitude at the coordinates, change the location altitude and recompute the coordinates until a satisfactory location was found.

Before ITV4s launch in 2005 ITVs digital sports coverage was on ITV2 but after its launch all sports coverage has moved to itv4.

The Kung Bushmen were described as ' The Harmless People ' in a popular work by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas in 1958, while Lawrence Keeley's 1996 War Before Civilization suggested that regular warfare without modern technology was conducted by most groups throughout human history, including most Native American tribes.

Before contemporary times, Kundalini Yoga was on the whole a secretive technology.

Before the novel's opening, " hyper-assistance ", a technology allowing travel at a little slower than the speed of light, is used to move a reclusive space station colony called Rotor from the vicinity of Earth to the newly discovered red dwarf, Nemesis.

Before the advent of valve ( vacuum tube ) technology, early radio enthusiasts used noisy spark-gap transmitters, such as the first spark-gap modulation technology pioneered by the first real audio ( rather than telegraph code ) radio broadcaster, Charles D. Herrold, in San Jose, California, or the infamous Ruhmkorff coil used by almost all early experimenters.

Before technology in wineries could stabilize temperatures, the low temperatures in winter of the northern German regions would halt fermentation and leave the resulting wines with natural sugars and a low alcohol content.

Before the advent of modern welding technology, it was a primary tool of metal workers.

Before this technology, a user would have to wait for the formatting to complete before writing any data to a new disc.

Before it returns to the United Kingdom in March 1923, the Mission will greatly improve Imperial Japanese Navy aviation training and understanding of aircraft carrier flight deck operations and the latest naval aviation tactics and technology, and the aircraft it brings will inspire the design of a number of Japanese naval aircraft of the 1920s.

Before production of the series, Hideaki Anno suddenly asked the production team why Neo Atlantis want to conquer the world, and why they do not simply use their superior technology to live a more comfortable life.

Before the war, Palluth, a lecturer in the 1929 secret Poznań University cryptology course, had been co-owner of AVA, which produced equipment for the Cipher Bureau, and knew many details of the decryption technology.

Before the exchanges were replaced, some Director exchanges had the Director equipment replaced by electronic directors using CMOS technology which controlled the step ( Strowger ) switches in the exchange, with economies in space and maintenance.

Before working in Parliament, he worked for the multi-national consulting firm, Accenture and merchant bankers, N M Rothschild & Sons, before co-founding a venture backed technology company, e-Government Solutions Group, in 2000.

Before going bankrupt iPix was developing a technology called i-movies or vPix, streaming video in 360 degrees again without moving cameras.

Before the development of practical video tape, programme makers such as the BBC developed the technology to record programmes — either live or for prerecording — from specially adapted monitors with a film camera.

Before forming NetDevil, Brown, Grundy, and Williams worked at Digital Creators, an information technology firm located in Boulder, Colorado.

Before the Remedy Acquisition, BMC had had trouble integrating acquired technology into its tool set, Beauchamp said in a conference call, while Remedy software has been integrating with BMC for years.

Before drive by wire technology was introduced, if a throttle stuck open a driver could generally put a toe under the accelerator and lift up.

" Before the introduction of integrated circuit chips, the technology was based on discrete-component individual transistors.

Before becoming a leading architect of India's science and technology policies, Mashelkar did pioneering work in polymer science and engineering, which earned him many international laurels.

Before long, cinematic devices spawned from original chronophotographic predecessors, with which audiences could watch continuous loops of entertaining activities ( for example, the “ peep show ” devices built using Thomas Edison ’ s backlighting technology which showed mildly smutty films ).

Before digital technology was widespread, a record label, for example, could rest easy in knowing that unauthorized copies of their music tracks were never as good as the originals.

Before leaving, they used their advanced technology to alter the planet's natives into protoplasmic blobs that could change their shape to suit the environment.

Before shipping the manuscript to England, Budge cut the seventy-eight foot scroll into thirty-seven sheets of nearly equal size, damaging the scroll's integrity at a time when technology had not yet allowed the pieces to be put back together.