Before considering more recent activities, we should note another important aspect of demography in Belgian Africa.

Before embarking on a sea voyage, planning and preparation will include studying charts, almanacs and navigation books and recent weather conditions of the route to be followed.

Before the revolution Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but then moved more aggressively to block its influence ( arguably leading to its recent rise in public support ).

Before age 13 she had broken into the top 100 players in the world and the British Chess Magazine declared, " Judit Polgár's recent results make the performances of Fischer and Kasparov at a similar age pale by comparison.

Before this antipope, the most recent popes called John were John XXII ( 1316 – 1334 ) and John XXI ( 1276 – 1277 ).

Before the relatively recent discovery of neurons and their role in pain, various different body functions were proposed to account for pain.

Before the most recent edition of the BGP standard, if an UPDATE had no MULTI_EXIT_DISC value, several implementations created a MED with the least possible value.

The most recent re-calibrated radiocarbon dating in 2009 indicates that the skeleton can be dated to around 33, 000 Before Present ( BP ).

Before recent evidence, the genus Sladenia was often placed within the Actinidiaceae.

Before the recent introduction of SystemVerilog, C ++ integration with a logic simulator was one of the few ways to use OOP in hardware verification.

While famous for classic recordings from Rod Stewart, Aretha Franklin, Eric Clapton, Lynyrd Skynyrd, the Rolling Stones and The Allman Brothers, recent hit songs such as " Before He Cheats " by Carrie Underwood and " I Loved Her First " by Heartland continue the city's musical legacy.

Before its most recent passage through the Solar System, its orbital period was about 17, 000 years, but the gravitational perturbation of the giant planets has increased this period to 70, 000 years.

The Beringian land bridge is believed to have existed both in the glaciation that occurred before 35, 000 Before Present ( BP ) and during the more recent period 22, 000-7, 000 years BP.

Before its most recent purchase and sale, the hotel was operated by CSX Hotels, Inc., a subsidiary of the CSX Corporation.

Before the recent genetic studies were carried out, the waterthrushes were also included in Seiurus ; these are now treated separately in the genus Parkesia as they are not very closely related to the Ovenbird.

Before its most recent inactivation in 2006, it was based at Fort Riley, Kansas.

Before leaving St. Olaf College, he completed work on his magnum opus, the two-volume Systematic Theology ( 1997 – 99 ), which has since been widely regarded as one of the most important and creative recent works of systematic theology.

Other critically acclaimed films in recent years have included Before the Devil Knows You're Dead ( 2007 ), The Savages ( 2007 ) and Synecdoche, New York ( 2008 ).

Before the trio leaves, an anonymous transmission from the demilitarized zone attributes the bombing of the Bok ' Nor and the recent kidnappings to a group calling itself the Maquis.

Before its recent resurgence, virtue ethics in European / American academia had been primarily associated with pre-modern philosophers ( e. g. Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas ).

Before its launch, Tele-Communications, Inc. made a failed attempt to acquire a 50 percent stake in Showtime in 1989. there was some debate as to whether Viacom or TCI originally conceived the idea for Encore, a service similar to Flix, that also focused on films from the 1960s to the 1980s until a format change in 1999 in which recent films were added to the mix.

Before the recent reform of the CET, the large proportion of multiple choice questions made this test an efficient one, but possible sacrifices in accurately measuring English language ability remained a concern.

Before a recent revival, the Conservative Party last won council seats in the area in 1931.

Before this, the most recent pitcher to start back-to-back-to-back games was Red Faber in the 1917, who started both games of a September 3 doubleheader, throwing just six innings in total, followed by a complete game win the following day.

Before long, bills weren't being paid, authors ' advances and royalties were delayed, budgets were cut back, and most of Donald's time was spent trying to soothe authors and agents who were indignant, and had every right to be, at the way they were treated.

Before the Low Countries could be completely reconquered, a war between England and Spain ( the Anglo-Spanish War ( 1585 – 1604 )) broke out, forcing Spanish troops to halt their advances and leaving them in control of the important trading cities of Bruges and Ghent, but without control of Antwerp, which was then arguably the most important port in the world.

Before the bad cheque is discovered, the perpetrator goes on a spending spree or obtains cash advances until the newly -" raised " available limit on the card is reached.

Before looking too deep into a potential job as a zoo keeper make sure that it ’ s something you love to do due to the fact that the average zookeeper makes approximately $ 14. 00 an hour and advances are few and far between.

Before the scientific advances in the 1980s, autism scholars popularized the belief that autism resulted from faulty parenting ; stigma remained until recent genetic research debunked this myth.

Before the People Meter advances, Nielsen used the diary method, which consisted of viewers physically recording the shows they watched.

Before such advances in technology, all-fifths technology was impractical.

Before advances in the decipherment of the Maya script revealed this reading of his name, this ruler was also known to researchers as Tikal Ruler A, or by the nickname Ah Cacao.

Before digital technology became widespread, for many decades, the scanned data was transmitted as analog.

Before vacuum tubes and transistors, relays were used as logical elements in digital computers.

Before blogging became popular, digital communities took many forms, including Usenet, commercial online services such as GEnie, BiX and the early CompuServe, e-mail listsThe term " e-log " has been used to describe journal entries sent out via e-mail since as early as March 1996.

Before B-ISDN, the original ISDN attempted to substitute the analog telephone system with a digital system which was appropriate for both voice and non-voice traffic.

Before the introduction of digital electronic high-impedance analog transistor and field effect transistor ( FETs ) voltmeters were used.

Before the advent of DVD and Blu-ray, the Video CD ( abbreviated as VCD, and also known as View CD, Compact Disc digital video ) became the first format for distributing films on standard 120 mm optical discs.

Before the advent of digital typography and desktop publishing, the two terms had a more clearly understood meanings.

Before the development of digital computing, serious trials based on automata such as El Ajedrecista of 1912, were too complex and limited to be useful for playing full games of chess.

Before digital electronics became the norm such a component was used to allow radio and television receivers and other equipment to be switched on at minimum volume with an audible click, then the volume increased, by turning a knob.

Before the launch of digital broadcasting, BBC Radio 5 Live had broadcast on analogue satellite with near-FM quality.

Before digital recording, the total number of available tracks onto which one could record was measured in multiples of 24, based on the number of 24-track tape machines being used.

Before digital music synthesizers became common, at least some analog synthesizers ( such as the ARP 2600 ) used analog multipliers for this purpose ; they were closely related to those used in electronic analog computers.

Before digital recording became practical, instruments such as the phonogene ( 1950s ) and the Mellotron ( 1960s ) used analog tape decks to play back sampled sounds.

Before digital computers existed, such ideas were not just outlandish but also mostly unheard of.

Before digital channels became commonplace, a terrestrial day's television was sometimes spread over up to three double-spreads mixed with advertisements, but this format was phased out when independent publishers were allowed to publish television program schedules.

Before the internet, copies of any work were the trigger for copyright law, but Lessig raises the point of whether copies should always be the trigger, especially when considering the way digital media sharing works.

Before PALs were introduced, designers of digital logic circuits would use small-scale integration ( SSI ) components, such as those in the 7400 series TTL ( transistor-transistor logic ) family ; the 7400 family included a variety of logic building blocks, such as gates ( NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR ), multiplexers ( MUXes ) and demultiplexers ( DEMUXes ), flip flops ( D-type, JK, etc.

Before rapid digital computers were available, the data processing was done using an optical holography technique.

Before cable systems dropped The Movie Channel ( along with Showtime and rivals Cinemax, Encore and Starz ) from their basic packages, relegating it to their digital cable packages, The Movie Channel had a high basic cable coverage rate.

Before the advent of digital clocks, 5 minutes per side was the standard for Blitz or Speed chess.

Before his death, he was raising funds for his multi-format memoir, “ Richard Leacock: The Feeling of Being There ,” a bound paper book and digital video book set to be published by Semeïon Editions.

Before the advent of digital OPACs and the Internet, the work of creating and maintaining a library's authority files was generally carried out by individual cataloging departments ( if it was done at all ).

Before digital terrain databases this involved interaction with a paper map to check the altitude at the coordinates, change the location altitude and recompute the coordinates until a satisfactory location was found.

Before ITV4s launch in 2005 ITVs digital sports coverage was on ITV2 but after its launch all sports coverage has moved to itv4.