Before the start of World War II, Germany started building U-boats and training crews, labeling these activities as " research " or concealing them using other covers.

Before the invention of the self-propelled torpedo the term was applied to any number of different types of explosive devices, generally having the property of being secret or hidden, including devices which today would include booby traps, land mines and naval mines.

Before developing this dualistic persona of the two types of clever and silly servant, Zanni was a character in its own right.

Before the 20th century, other types of betrothal gifts were common.

Before World War II, different laws applied to fu and ken, but this distinction was abolished after the war, and the two types of prefecture are now functionally the same.

Before the Act, the United States had backed its currency with both gold and silver, and it minted both types of coins.

Before the government's registration system was created, evidence of births and / or baptisms ( and also marriages and death or burials ) was dependent on the events being recorded in the records of the Church of England or in those of other various churches – not all of which maintained such records or all types of those records.

Before continuing on to these types though, it is important that any confusion regarding the meaning of an online community is cleared up.

Before analyzing construction delays, a clear understanding of the general types of delays is necessary.

Before the new USRA standard locomotive types were built and released, locomotives that builders had on hand were issued to various railroads.

Before telephone equipment was de-regulated in 1984, Australian consumers could only have two different types of telephones in three different colours.

Before demolition, the athletics stadium was used as a flea market where all types of both new and second hand goods were sold.

Before going in, players are allowed to select their equipment, including guns, various types of grenades, and body armor.

Before World War I, the variety of speech types reflected the differing origins of these early inhabitants.

Before 1980, the term " protoanalysis " was narrower in scope, used specifically as the name for Ichazo's theory of types, from which the Enneagram of Personality was derived.

Before that, and particularly in antiquity, there was a wide variety of terms used for different types of galleys.

Before the introduction of the Bachelor's and Master's degree in Austria and Germany, the standard Science, Engineering or Business degree was the Diplom and could be, in several variations, obtained at several types of institutes of higher education.

Before the enforcement of the Electrical Products ( Safety ) Regulation, many types of plugs could be found in Hong Kong.

Before the American Revolution, the British colonies in North America were protected from the Barbary pirates by British warships and treaties.

* Before the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War, the Imperial Russian Navy conducts many experiments with towing balloons and man-lifting kites from its warships.

Before the British warships were sunk, however, the destroyer Acasta torpedoed and damaged Scharnhorst.

Before World War II, from 1933 to 1936, the Portuguese Navy underwent a profound reorganization, launching a vast naval program and acquiring a total of 22 new warships, including destroyers, submarines and avisos ( frigates ).

Before we built the new jail, we used to keep prisoners in here overnight sometimes when the old jail got too crowded.

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Before the enactment of the metric system, many countries in Europe used their own official acres.

Before the towed artillery can be used, it has to stop, unlimber and set up the guns.

In his Rudolphine Tables ( 1627 ), Johannes Kepler used a prototype of year zero which he labeled Christi ( Christ ) between years labeled Ante Christum ( Before Christ ) and Post Christum ( After Christ ) on the mean motion tables for the Sun, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus and Mercury.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

Before the invention of electronic amplifiers, mechanically coupled carbon microphones were also used as amplifiers in telephone repeaters for long distance service.

Before the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive and used only for special-purpose tasks.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

* Before Christ, an epoch used in dating years prior to the estimated birth of Jesus

Before that, ancestors had used the patronymic naming system of Scandinavian countries: his father was named Ingemarsson after his father Ingemar Bengtsson.

Before being released back into the river, the used water was held in large tanks known as retention basins for up to six hours.

Before the 1970s, community colleges in the United States were more commonly referred to as junior colleges, and that term is still used at some institutions.

" (" Antes da Era Comum ", Before Common Era ) is generally used.

Before the current positive era of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox dialogues, Chalcedonians sometimes used to call the non-Chalcedonians " monophysites ", though the Coptic Orthodox Church in reality regards monophysitism as a heresy.

Before Caldwell, the word was traditionally used to designate the Tamil language and people, and vaguely the people of South India.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before the advent of computer filter synthesis tools, graphical tools such as Bode plots and Nyquist plots were extensively used as design tools.

Before the 20th century, jewelers used the term water as in " a gem of the finest water " to express the combination of two qualities, color and crystal.

Before 1941, commercially successful color processes used special cameras loaded with black-and-white separation stocks rather than color negative.

Before the apparition of the first gospel, the gospel of Mark which was probably written around the years 65 – 70, Paul the Apostle used the term gospel when he reminded the people of the church at Corinth " of the gospel I preached to you " ( 1 Corinthians 15. 1 ).

Before the introduction of UTC on 1 January 1972 Greenwich Mean Time ( also known as Zulu time ) was the same as Universal Time ( UT ) which is a standard astronomical concept used in many technical fields.

Before its acquisition by Google, the gmail. com domain name was used by a free e-mail service offered by Garfield. com, online home of the comic strip Garfield.

Before joining NASA as a member of the first group of scientist-astronauts in June 1965, he worked at the U. S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Center at Flagstaff, Arizona, developing geological field techniques that would be used by the Apollo crews.