Before the 15th century, mathematicians such as Archimedes and Liu Hui used geometrical techniques, based on polygons, to estimate the value of.

Before the 15th century textiles were only in a few towns but during, they shifted into districts like East Anglia, and the Cotswolds.

Before the 15th, ( according to the story by Sports Illustrated's great boxing writer Pat Putnam ) ' Ali was on very wobbly legs '.

Before the 15th century in England, a hundredweight was a different unit equal to 108 lb.

Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, many of which had advanced civilizations, most notably, the Aztec, Inca and Maya.

Before that, only the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 50th, and 75th anniversaries had an associated gift.

Before the operation, Horrocks accepted an offer to use Bomber Command to attack the town of Cleves, assisting the advance of the 15th ( Scottish ) Division.

Before the fall of the former Yugoslavia, Pelister played in the final season of the Yugoslav First League finishing in 15th place.

Before this, she served a five year term as the 15th Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Before the 20th century, most manufactured products were made individually by hand.

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore.

Before the break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church.

Before the 19th century, tattoos and piercings were very common among the Aleut people, especially among women.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

Before the rise of the mendicant orders ( wandering friars ) in the thirteenth century, the daily services were usually contained in a number of large volumes.

Before the 19th century, closed social hierarchies were common in Hungary.

Before the early 18th century, the East India Company paid for its tea mainly in silver.

Before its coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south.

Before the 20th century, European sources often referred to the Dalai Lama as the " Grand Lama ".

Before the 20th century many double basses had only three strings, in contrast to the five to six strings typical of instruments in the string family or the four strings of instruments in the violin family.

Before the advent of government-funded public schools, the primary mode of education for those of the lower classes was the charity school, pioneered during the 19th century by Protestant organizations and adapted for use by the Roman Catholic Church and governmental bodies.

Map of Israel as it was in the 9th century Before Christ | BC.

Before the 20th century, jewelers used the term water as in " a gem of the finest water " to express the combination of two qualities, color and crystal.

Before the twentieth century, ordinary farm workers and factory workers were usually illiterate.

Before the twentieth century, hydrodynamics was synonymous with fluid dynamics.

Before consolidation of many of these rural school districts in the last half of the twentieth century, Indiana high schools had fewer students than those of most other states ; basketball was a natural game for these schools since it only required five starters and a few reserves.

Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, " friendly societies " existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Before the Industrial Revolution in the mid-to-late 19th century, demand for oriental goods remained the driving force behind European imperialism, and ( with the important exception of British East India Company rule in India ) the European stake in Asia remained confined largely to trading stations and strategic outposts necessary to protect trade.

Before long, scientific inquiries provoked by his claims had pushed back the age of the earth into the millions of yearsstill too short when compared with the accepted 4. 6 billion year age in the 21st century, but a distinct improvement.

Before the nineteenth century, the scholar Nitsa Ben-Ari notes that his work was shunned like that of converts, then banned as those of a traitor, whose work was not to be studied or translated into Hebrew.

Before the 18th century the Kalevala poetry was common throughout Finland and Karelia but in the 18th century it began to disappear in Finland, first in western Finland, because European rhymed poetry became more common in Finland.

Before she leaves she sternly notes that her daughter will not disclose any information whatsoever about her family, past, or herself and that Carmilla is of sound mind.

Before Friday night dinner, it is customary to sing two songs, one " greeting " the Shabbat angels into the house and the other consisting of Ecclesiastes 31: 10-31, praising the woman of the house for all the work she has done over the past week.

However, the episode " Flashes Before Your Eyes " suggests that minor changes are possible, unlike the totally fixed timeline postulated by Novikov's principle: in this episode Desmond's consciousness time travels back to a point in his past, where he ends up in a bar, where he remembers ( from his previous experience of this time ) a man named Jimmy Lennon entering and attacking the bartender ; in his attempt to warn the bartender, he himself gets attacked instead.

Before coming on stage, Trent Reznor explained how Numan was " vitally important and a huge inspiration " to him during the past 20 years.

Before they surrendered to United States troops, the Mojave held lands along the river that stretched from Black Canyon, where the tall pillars of First House of Mutavilya loomed above the river, past Avi kwame or Spirit Mountain, the center of spiritual things, to the Quechan Valley, where the lands of other tribes began.

Before his death in 1924, Lenin, while describing Trotsky as " distinguished not only by his exceptional abilities – personally he is, to be sure, the most able man in the present Central Committee ", and also maintaining that " his non-Bolshevik past should not be held against him ", criticized him for " showing excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative side of the work ", and also requested that Stalin be removed from his position of General Secretary, but his notes remained suppressed until 1956.

" Before repressive tolerance became a tactic of the past, Oz could fool itself and its readers that, for some people at least, the alternative society already existed.

Before the 2001 season began there was already question if Las Vegas could support a professional team due to past failed attempts with: Las Vegas Americans ( Soccer 1984-85 ), Las Vegas Dustdevils ( Soccer-CISL-1994-1995 ), Las Vegas Posse ( Football-CFL-1994 ) Las Vegas Quicksilvers ( Soccer-NASL-1976-1978 ), Las Vegas Seagulls ( Soccer-ASL-1979 ), Las Vegas Sting ( Football-Arena Football League-1994-1995 ) and Las Vegas Thunder ( IHL-1993-1999 ) The Outlaws were sponsored by Cox Communications, New York-New York Hotel & Casino, Station Casinos, PacifiCare Health Systems and Findlay Toyota.

Before the 1990s, the kindergarten education experience was only offered in the city by private specialty schools ( past examples being Cassidy's and Happy Time ).

Before his departure, Guan Yu made a military pledge that he would not spare Cao Cao's life on account of his past relationship with the warlord.

Before participating in a clinical trial, interested volunteers should speak with their doctors, family members, and others who have participated in trials in the past.

Before long, two police jeeps drove past.

Before and since those elections, however, present and past members have been connected or prosecuted for serious violent crimes.

Before each regularly scheduled meeting of the FOMC, System staff prepare written reports on past and prospective economic and financial developments that are sent to Committee members and to nonmember Reserve Bank presidents.

Before the last ice age these rivers continued eastward past their current confluences with the present course of Missouri River.

Before they have sex, Susie opens up to Jack about her past at the escort service, sleeping with clients simply because they were nice to her.

Before the 1986 Austrian Presidential Elections, during a meeting of the steering committee of the Burgenland SPÖ, according to a later rendering by Ottilie Matysek, Sinowatz insinuated that one would have to point out to the Austrians that the Austrian People's Party's candidate, Kurt Waldheim, had a " brown " ( i. e. Nazi ) past.

Before sending them on board the steamer, Otto instructs Emily not to disclose the truth about what has happened to them in the past months.

Before projectiles exit a slight pre-flash may occur from gases leaking past the projectiles.

Before Present ( BP ) years is a time scale used in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events in the past occurred.

Before the construction of railways past the lake, it was an important transport route.

Before 1964, U. S. Route 101 continued past today's end near the East Los Angeles Interchange east onto Whittier Boulevard and south on Harbor Boulevard until it met its bypass in Anaheim.

Before Moe can act, a man from his past named Lou arrives at the room and takes control of the situation, to the detriment of Moe.

Before it became the Legion's official march, Le Madelon and Tercios Heroicos ( Heroic Tercios ) by Francisco Calles and Antonio Soler were its official march past tunes.