Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, " friendly societies " existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

* Van Diemen's Land is mentioned in Umberto Eco's novel " The Island of the Day Before " (" L ' isola del giorno prima ", 1994 ), a story about a 17th century Italian nobleman trapped at an island at the International Date Line.

* Addition of Diminutives to Names: Before the 17th century, most nicknames had the diminutive ending " in " or " Kin ", where the ending is attached to the first syllable: Watkin / Walter / Wat-kin Hobkin / Robert / Hob-kin or Thompkin / Thomas / Thom-Kin.

Before the early 17th century Taiwan was inhabited by aborigines and Han Chinese migrants resulting from successive waves of migration in antiquity.

Before the 17th Century was over, the Cahow was believed to be extinct.

Before the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century, the Piedmont area was populated by Native Americans.

Before the 17th century, the Pequot had established an empire across southeastern Connecticut.

Before the 17th century, the Wampanoags, who had settlements throughout southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island, including Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, were the only inhabitants of the lands along the Acushnet River.

Before the arrival of European settlers in northern Rhode Island during the 17th century, today's Woonsocket region was inhabited by three Native American tribes — the Nipmucs ( Cowesett ), Wampanoags, and Narragansetts.

Before the advent of the European telescope in the 17th century, the armillary sphere was the prime instrument of all astronomers in determining celestial positions.

Before the 2006 election, Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel agreed to revive their alliance under the banner of United Torah Judaism to not waste votes and achieve maximum representation in the 17th Knesset.

Before the 17th century dissecting out such a thing as ' science ' in anything like the modern sense of the term involves profound distortions.

Before land elevation made the canals unnecessary, spring floods was a serious problem often forcing the reconstruction of bridges and other structures, but by the 17th century the first canal was scrapped, the second when the Parliament Building was built in the early 20th century.

Before this, it was the main house of the La Noria Hacienda, established in the 17th century.

Before the advent of modern rakugo there were the: short comical vignettes ending with an ochi, popular between the 17th and the 19th century.

" Larry Elbows " ( referred to by some as " the 17th track "), was based on an old demo by the band, " Before I Hang ", which also appeared on Jon Oliva's Pain's album Global Warning.

Before the 17th century, there was no unified standard language ; the dialects that are considered Dutch evolved from Old Frankish.

Before the end of the 17th century, these gatherings were frequently held in the bedroom ( treated as a more private form of drawing room ): a lady, reclining on her bed, would receive close friends who would sit on chairs or stools drawn around.

Before the 17th century the pits were bell pits and adits or day holes dug horizontally into the hill sides where the coal seam outcropped.

Before Dutch settlement of northern New Jersey began in the late 17th century, the region was home to the Lenape Native American tribes.

Before the outbreak of the civil war of the 17th century, complaints of illegal taxation were rife in Herefordshire, but a strong anti-puritan feeling induced the county to favour the royalist cause.

Before the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century, the area had been populated for thousands of years by various cultures of Native Americans.

Before the arrival of European explorers in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the Tongans were in frequent contact with their nearest Oceanic neighbors, Fiji and Samoa.

* Before the Vietnamese conquest of the area in the 17th century, the Cham people called this land " Hamu Lithit "-" Hamu ": hamlet in the field, " Lithit ": near the sea.

Before Robinson, the Eighth Amendment had only been applied against the federal government.

Before that Amendment, individual states set their own standards for citizenship.

Before the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery after the American Civil War in 1866, manumission was sometimes accomplished at the death of the owner, under conditions in his will.

' Before argument, Mr. Chief Justice Waite said: The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations.

Before 1967, Fourth Amendment protections were mostly limited to notions of property: possessory geographical locations such as apartments, or physical objects.

Before the Second Amendment an individual detained had the constitutional right to apply to any High Court judge for a writ of habeas corpus and to as many High Court judges as they wished.

Before the Cutback Amendment to the state constitution in 1980, the state was divided into 59 " legislative districts ", each of which elected three representatives, yielding a House of 177 members.

( Before entering television, Mary had already become known as the " West Coast Phyllis Schlafly ", having campaigned vigorously against Equal Rights Amendment.

Before the Seventeenth Amendment took effect in 1913, senators were elected by the Utah State Legislature.

Before the enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Bill of Rights protected individual rights only from invasion by the federal government.

Before 1865, when the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was signed, battles royal often appeared on the undercard of boxing matches.

Before the case could be reviewed by the District Court ( on remand ), Congress passed the so-called Second Hickenlooper Amendment ( or Sabbatino Amendment ) that revoked this presumption in favor of the validity of the act of state doctrine that the Sabbatino court had established.

Before the ratification of the 21st Amendment, repealing prohibition, Jones persuaded the family to take the company's stock public.

Before Prohibition, the states did not have the power to violate the Dormant Commerce Clause, and the 21st Amendment was not intended to grant them this power.

Before the measure went to popular vote, a bill was proposed that would have effectively passed the requirements of the Digges Amendment into law.

Before the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, a problem with the new union's electoral system arose.

( Before the Seventeenth Amendment, the House of Representatives were chosen directly by the people, the Senate was by state legislatures.