Before the passage of the lex annalis, individuals could run for the Aedileship by the time they turned twenty-seven.

Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).

Before being disfranchised by the Democrats ' passage in 1899 of a new state constitution that included discriminatory provisions, black citizens elected four African Americans to the US Congress from North Carolina's 2nd congressional district in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

Before its most recent passage through the Solar System, its orbital period was about 17, 000 years, but the gravitational perturbation of the giant planets has increased this period to 70, 000 years.

Before passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley law, AICPA standards in these areas were considered " generally accepted " for all CPA practitioners.

Before the passage of the Presidential Succession Act, succession was setup to keep the Executive branch of the Presidency separate from the Legislative branch.

Before congressional passage of the Protect Act of 2003, prosecutors had to prove that sex tourists went abroad with the intent of molesting children — something almost impossible to demonstrate.

Before passage of the Act, more than 3, 000 same-sex couples had already married in those areas.

Before the games began, a truce was declared by Corinth to grant athletes safe passage through Greece.

Before 1976, the tunnel was the only point of passage at the top, at an altitude of 2556 m. The tunnel was closed for restoration until 2002, and a new road was constructed over the summit.

Before the passage opened, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were separated entirely with Antarctica being much warmer and having no ice cap.

Before the end of his senior year, he had officially resigned from the committee after the passage of the Lend-Lease Act.

Before giving his doctrinal exposition of a passage, he first considers its critical state.

Before the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the maximum weeks one could collect was 26 weeks.

Before the 2006 – 2007 academic year, the provision could also apply to high school students, but this changed with the passage of the Deficit Reduction Act in 2001.

Before the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999, the Marquess sat in the House of Lords as Baron Kenlis in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Before 1965, after passage of the Civil Rights Act broke the color line in hiring, less than 2 % of textile workers were African American.

Before the amendment's passage on November 3, 2010, membership was open to any individual with " Lineal Descent " with at least one parent being a member of the MHA Nation.

Before 1920, many of these dams made no provision for fish passage ; public pressure as well as efforts by turn-of-the-century cannery owner R. D.

Before the King can pass judgement upon them, Hawkins's friends, who have secretly entered the court through the secret passage, rescue him and capture the castle from the King's soldiers.

Before 1967, local communities had to approve highway locations and designs, and the debates over I-696 prompted the passage of an arbitration statute.

Before the passage of the bankruptcy reform act in 2005, a 403 ( b ) that was not an ERISA plan was not accorded protected status as property that could be claimed as exempt by the debtor under the U. S. Bankruptcy Code.

* In Umberto Eco's The Island of the Day Before, Cockaigne is evoked in a passage describing an ice-tipped mountain.

Before the passage of the Wagner Act, Swope " had long supported labor legislation.

Before 1865, when the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was signed, battles royal often appeared on the undercard of boxing matches.

Before Robinson, the Eighth Amendment had only been applied against the federal government.

Before that Amendment, individual states set their own standards for citizenship.

' Before argument, Mr. Chief Justice Waite said: The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations.

Before the 17th Amendment went into effect in 1914, U. S. senators were elected by their state legislatures.

Before 1967, Fourth Amendment protections were mostly limited to notions of property: possessory geographical locations such as apartments, or physical objects.

Before the Second Amendment an individual detained had the constitutional right to apply to any High Court judge for a writ of habeas corpus and to as many High Court judges as they wished.

Before the Cutback Amendment to the state constitution in 1980, the state was divided into 59 " legislative districts ", each of which elected three representatives, yielding a House of 177 members.

( Before entering television, Mary had already become known as the " West Coast Phyllis Schlafly ", having campaigned vigorously against Equal Rights Amendment.

Before the Seventeenth Amendment took effect in 1913, senators were elected by the Utah State Legislature.

Before the enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Bill of Rights protected individual rights only from invasion by the federal government.

Before the case could be reviewed by the District Court ( on remand ), Congress passed the so-called Second Hickenlooper Amendment ( or Sabbatino Amendment ) that revoked this presumption in favor of the validity of the act of state doctrine that the Sabbatino court had established.

Before the ratification of the 21st Amendment, repealing prohibition, Jones persuaded the family to take the company's stock public.

Before Prohibition, the states did not have the power to violate the Dormant Commerce Clause, and the 21st Amendment was not intended to grant them this power.

Before the measure went to popular vote, a bill was proposed that would have effectively passed the requirements of the Digges Amendment into law.

Before the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, a problem with the new union's electoral system arose.

( Before the Seventeenth Amendment, the House of Representatives were chosen directly by the people, the Senate was by state legislatures.