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Before the invention of up-stop wheels, coaster cars were built to run in a trough, with wheels under the car and side plates to help keep the cars on the track.
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Before and invention
Before the invention of electronic amplifiers, mechanically coupled carbon microphones were also used as amplifiers in telephone repeaters for long distance service.
Before the invention of the integrated circuit in 1959, electronic circuits were constructed from discrete components that could be manipulated by humans.
Before the invention of reliable electrical methods, hot tube and flame methods were used.
Before the invention of woodblock printing in China or by moveable type in a printing press in Europe, all written documents had to be both produced and reproduced by hand.
Before the invention of synthetic dyes, mushrooms were the source of many textile dyes.
Before the invention of clocks, people marked the time of day with apparent solar time ( also called " true " solar time ) – for example, the time on a sundial – which was typically different for every settlement.
Before the invention of the self-propelled torpedo the term was applied to any number of different types of explosive devices, generally having the property of being secret or hidden, including devices which today would include booby traps, land mines and naval mines.
Before the invention of measuring tools ( like weights, meter sticks, clocks, etc.
Before the invention of crinoline, women's underwear was often very large and bulky.
Before the invention of artillery, many of the world's cities and towns, particularly in Europe and Asia, had protective walls ( also called town walls or city walls ).
Before the invention of electronic amplifiers, mechanically coupled carbon microphones were used as amplifiers in telephone repeaters.
Before the invention of electric lighting, candles and oil lamps were commonly used for illumination.
Before the invention of the printing press, stories were passed on via oral tradition.
Before this, Huang ( 皇 ) and Di ( 帝 ) were given as titles of a number of rulers from the era known as the " sage kings " period, supposedly predating written history, but probably coinciding with or following the invention and early stages of evolution for the Chinese writing system.
Before the invention of photography, people commonly hired painters and engravers to " re-create " an event or a scene.
Before printed circuits ( and for a while after their invention ), point-to-point construction was used.
Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and " thread " made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.
Before its invention, wet country roads became muck and were often nearly impassable.
Before 1925, recording was done by the same purely mechanical, non-electronic " acoustical " method used since the invention of the phonograph nearly fifty years earlier.
Before the invention of the variometer, sailplane pilots found it very hard to soar.
Before Mergenthaler's invention of the linotype in 1884, no newspaper in the world had more than eight pages.
Before this invention, coal was mined from underground with a pick and shovel.
Before the fuze's invention, detonation had to be induced either by direct contact, or a timer set at launch, or an altimeter.
Before the invention of the car, whiplash injuries were called " railroad spine " as they were noted mostly in connection with train collisions.
Before the invention of impermeable glass bottles, oxygen caused many wines to spoil within the year.
Before and wheels
Before modern computing, researchers requiring random numbers would either generate them through various means ( dice, cards, roulette wheels, etc.
Before rubber was invented, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels to prevent wear and tear.
Before the safety bicycle, bicycles did not have chains and the pedals were typically attached directly to the drive-wheel, thus limiting top speed by the diameter of the wheel and resulting in designs with front wheels as large as possible.
Before rubber was invented, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels in order to prevent wear and tear.
Before SooperDooperLooper came to Comet Hollow in 1977, a Himalaya ride was in that location, and before that, twin Eli Bridge Ferris wheels.
Before the 1980s, many touring bikes for the North American market were built with 27-inch ( 630 mm ) wheels which have a slightly larger diameter.
Before the Olson brothers made the changes to the rollerblades, they were difficult to put on, the wheels got damaged easily, and the brakes were insufficient.
Before the mid-20th century, a single large motor was often used to drive multiple driving wheels through connecting rods that were very similar to those used on steam locomotives.
Before Sanduskys construction, driving wheels were typically built with wooden spokes, much like wagon wheels.
Before the race there was a furore surrounding McLaren as Ferrari had protested about its braking system-which enabled the drivers to apply the brakes on the rear wheels independently, and thus assist both turn in to corners and traction out of them.
Before this the team had largely been quite competitive despite the run of defeats, but the wheels came off as the side suffered a number of large defeats such as 34 – 0 against play-off challengers Catalans Dragons, 46 – 12 against Wakefield Wildcats and a 0 – 68 thrashing against Leeds Rhinos in front of a Newport crowd of 5, 597.
Before the 1980s, balance wheels and balance springs were used in virtually every portable timekeeping device, but in recent decades electronic quartz timekeeping technology has replaced mechanical clockwork, and the major remaining use of balance springs is in mechanical watches.
Before that time, balance wheels or foliots without springs were used in clocks and watches, but they were very sensitive to fluctuations in the driving force, causing the timepiece to slow down as the mainspring unwound.
Before electric motors were invented, mechanical speed changers were used to control the mechanical power provided by water wheels and steam engines.
Before and cars
Before the entry into the American market in 1958, Nissan did not produce cars under the Nissan brand name, but only trucks.
Before that, tourists who couldn't afford to stay in a hotel either slept in their cars or pitched their tents in fields alongside the road.
Before the 1930s, auto tourists adapted their cars by adding beds, makeshift kitchens and roof decks.
Before the 2005 Australian Grand Prix Stoddart initially threatened to withdraw his cars if they were made to comply with the revised regulations for 2005.
Before a railroad bridge was built across the Missouri, freight cars were pushed onto barges on one side of the river, then pulled off on the other.
Before the 1980s few sports cars used four-wheel drive, which had traditionally added a lot of weight.
Before starting his lucrative doughnut franchise, he tried selling jukeboxes and used cars in the 1950s.
Before the energy crisis, large, heavy, and powerful cars were the standard in the U. S. By 1971, the standard engine in a Chevrolet Caprice was a 400-cubic inch ( 6. 5 liter ) V8.
Before film began production, the titular car was not specified as a Volkswagen Beetle, and Disney set up a casting call for a dozen cars to audition.
Before the mass production of automatic overdrive transmissions and electronic fuel injection, the traditional front engine / rear wheel drive layout was being phased out for the more efficient and / or integrated front engine / front wheel drive, starting with compact cars.
Before refrigerated rail cars, meat had to be transported live, and this placed its cost so high that only farmers and the wealthy could afford it every day.
Before their overhauls, the 1500 and 1600 series had a brushed aluminum livery with a thin red stripe, and usually called " Silverbird " cars from their natural metal finish.
Before entering passenger service, JR Central set C46 was used on a series of test runs from late January 2003 fitted with streamlined bogie covers on all cars and flush diaphragm covers between cars 16 / 15 and 15 / 14.
Before dining cars in passenger trains were common in the United States, a rail passenger's option for meal service in transit was to patronize one of the roadhouses often located near the railroad's water stops.
Before GM ’ s buyout, Daewoo cars were available in different countries.
Before 1991 cars were hijacked or simply stolen.
Before the cab cars were used on the line, the trains were wyed in San Diego for their return trip.
Before the season Tony Stewart welcomed new drivers retired Indycar driver Danica Patrick and driver David Reutimann to drive partly for Stewart-Haas Racing as part of a partnership with Tommy Baldwin Racing who provided parts of the cars.
Before being called South of Market this area was called " South of the Slot ", a reference to the cable cars that ran up and down Market along a slot through which they attached to the cables.
Before John Cooper's death, the Cooper name was licensed to BMW for the higher performance versions of the cars, inspired by the original Mini, sold as the MINI.
Before she left town, Diane discovered that she and Brad had very little in common, especially when it comes to Brad's passion for cars.
Before the bridge was built, Ford Island could only be reached by a ferry boat which ran at hourly intervals for cars and foot passengers.
Before World War II, water-cooled cars and trucks routinely overheated while climbing mountain roads, creating geysers of boiling cooling water.
Before her appearances on television shows, she made her first ever appearance in 1998 on a commercial for Rover Mini cars, in which as a contestant named " Helen from Maidstone " she had to guess by looking at the sizes of different men's genitalia what car they own.
0.997 seconds.