Before 1992, the exact height of Mount Logan was unknown and measurements ranged from to.

Before good chronometers were available, longitude measurements were based on the transit of the moon, or the positions of the moons of Jupiter.

Before laying down the sand, the monks assigned to the project will draw the geometric measurements associated with the mandala.

Before embarking on the project, Lord Nottingham consulted Sir Christopher Wren and had measurements taken at Berkeley House and Montagu House in London.

Before man made fibres were the standard for which bows are made today, Ayres manufactured bows principally from Yew ( Taxus baccata )-and made them to the standard measurements of the time-6 ft for men and 51 / 2 ft for ladies.

Before technology was developed to accurately detect and record lightning flashes, keraunic measurements were the standard means to access the probability of lightning at a location.

Before the Second World War, air shows were associated with long distance air races, often lasting many days and covering thousands of miles.

Before the pitch, the runner will often take a lead-off, walking several steps away from the base as a head start for his next advance.

Before the advent of printing, breviaries were written by hand and were often richly decorated with initials and miniature illustrations telling stories in the lives of Christ or the saints, or stories from the Bible.

Before it emerged as a unique discipline, control engineering was practiced as a part of mechanical engineering and control theory was studied as a part of electrical engineering, since electrical circuits can often be easily described using control theory techniques.

Before 1990, CPU design was often done for this market, but mass market CPUs organized into large clusters have proven to be more affordable.

Before the 20th century, European sources often referred to the Dalai Lama as the " Grand Lama ".

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before heterodyning, radio signals often overrode and interfered with each other.

Before the development of the electric guitar and the use of synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having " a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides ".

Before 1946, children as well as adults were content in carving and shaping wooden replicas from block wood kits, often depicting enemy aircraft to help in identification in case of invasion.

Before the steam engine, pits were often shallow bell pits following a seam of coal along the surface, which were abandoned as the coal was extracted.

Before the revelation of Sheldon's identity, Tiptree was often referred to as an unusually macho male ( see, e. g., Robert Silverberg's commentaries ) as well as an unusually feminist science fiction writer ( for a male ) — particularly for " The Women Men Don't See ", a story of two women who go looking for aliens to escape from male-dominated society on Earth.

Before long, the Americo-Liberian ruling elite was living rather prosperously, sending their children to America for ( often racially segregated ) high school and college education, and keeping the indigenous peoples excluded from all political and economic leadership.

Before the industrial era, travel by water was often easier than over land.

Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables.

Before the 1976 season, the Giants tried to revive a weak offense by replacing retired RB Ron Johnson with future HOF fullback Larry Csonka, but Csonka was often injured and ineffective during his 3 years in New York.

Before the food is given, a bath is offered to the stranger, done by a woman or a servant — often different depending on the status of the visitor.

Before this time, ink and hand-stamps ( hence the word ' stamp '), usually made from wood or cork, were often used to frank the mail and confirm the payment of postage.

Before the competition begins, the host will often bring up a " sacrificial poet ", whom the judges will score in order to calibrate their judging.

Before the 1980s, the North American phrase " trick-or-treat " was little known in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and when introduced was often regarded as an unusual and even unwelcome import.

Before Westerberg joined the band, Dogbreath often drank and took various drugs during rehearsals, playing songs as an afterthought.

Before the introduction of western cookware it was often used for all cooking techniques including:

Before the invention of crinoline, women's underwear was often very large and bulky.

Before the 19th century, relatively wild, remote areas were often seen simply as uncivilised and dangerous.

Before the development of synthetic pigments, and the refinement of techniques for extracting mineral pigments, batches of color were often inconsistent.

Before the Industrial Revolution, the workday varied between 11 and 14 hours.

Before it reaches the plains it receives a great number of small streams from impenetrable, saturated and much broken mountainous districts, where the dense and varied vegetation seems to fight for every piece of ground.

Before it could be challenged in court, the injunction was then varied to permit reporting of the question.

Before the arising of the Sun they were approximately one thousand Valian Years in length ( the exact length of a Valian Year varied in different drafts of Tolkien's texts from close to 10 " Sun "- years in most versions to precisely 144 " Sun "- years in his final estimation ).

Before sound, 16 frames per second ( fps ) was the supposed norm, but practice varied widely.

His second album, Before the Dream Faded ..., is more varied.

Before this standardization, its treatment varied widely, including being deemed a win for the stalemating player, a half-win for that player, or a loss for that player ; not being permitted ; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn.

Before 1911 there were no standards for court size, and ones constructed specifically for squash tennis varied from each other somewhat.

Their following album, No Mystery ( 1975 ), was recorded with the same line-up as " Where Have I Known You Before ", but the style of music had become more varied.

Before implementation of the Commercial Driver's License ( CDL ) Program in 1986, licensing requirements for driving larger vehicles and buses varied from state to state.

Before her job at the BBC, Fairbairn had a varied career.

Before writing I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelou had a long and varied career, holding jobs such as fry cook, dancer, actress, poet, educator, and even brothel madam.

Before the launching of the Hipparcos satellite telescope, distance estimates for the star varied widely, from 96 light years to 1200 light years.

Before 1982, a selection of participants were also presented with special Winner's prizes and the number of recipients of this award varied from year to year.

Before turning full time to composition, he had a varied career as a woodwinds performer with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Bolshoi Ballet, and the Royal Ballet.