Before standardization it was necessary to unload and reload freight at every change of gauge.

USSR / The Unified Team / Russia / Ukraine / Belarus / Armenia: Before the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Soviet gymnasts dominated both men's and women's gymnastics commencing with the introduction of the full women's program into the Olympics and the overall increased standardization of the Olympic Gymnastics competition format which happened in 1952.

Before the construction was even complete, Fleming had the ICR re-gauged to standard gauge in 1875, following the trend of standardization sweeping U. S. and Canadian railways at the time.

Before standardization, the language had been written in a variety of different versions of Cyrillic by different writers, influenced by Bulgarian, Early Cyrillic or Serbian orthography.

Before long the atmosphere reverted to its old normalcy, and insects hummed and birds occasionally called.

Before them stalked the beadle, proclaiming as he went, `` Thus the Council deals with those who break its laws -- adulterers, thieves, murderers, and lewd persons.

Before you let loose a howl saying we announced its coming, not once but several times, indeed we did.

Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales: a very large order containing almost all monocots with colourful tepals and without starch in their endosperm.

Before its adoption as Australia's national anthem, Advance Australia Fair saw considerable use elsewhere.

Before the production closed it recouped its initial investment.

" Before this, he had published several works on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and its consequences, but his literary capacity was mediocre, his style stiff and cold, and it was his personal character rather than his reputation as a writer that earned him the confidence of the elector.

Before the early 18th century, the East India Company paid for its tea mainly in silver.

Before its merger with HP, it also sponsored the Williams Formula One team when it was still powered by BMW engines.

Before its coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before beginning the construction, the vertex figure ABCD is obtained by cutting each connected edge at ( in this case ) its midpoint.

Before final negotiations were concluded in 1921, however, Afghanistan had already begun to establish its own foreign policy without repercussions anyway, including diplomatic relations with the new government in the Soviet Union in 1919.

Before the revolution Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but then moved more aggressively to block its influence ( arguably leading to its recent rise in public support ).

Before the pup is ready to forage, the mother abandons it, and the pup consumes its own fat for weeks or months while it matures.

Before the 2008 season, Fenway Park's capacity was increased to 37, 373, where it remains following additional renovations for the 2009 season, making its total capacity the fourth smallest, ahead of Marlins Park, the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, and Tropicana Field.

Before the 1980s Soviet war, Afghanistan pursued a policy of neutrality and nonalignment in its foreign relations, being one of a few independent nations to stay neutral in both World War I and World War II.

Before leaving, in a meeting with all the Papal vicars held on April 29, 1357, Albornoz issued the Constitutiones Sanctæ Matris Ecclesiæ, which regulated all the matters of the Papal States and its division into provinces.

Before its acquisition by Google, the gmail. com domain name was used by a free e-mail service offered by Garfield. com, online home of the comic strip Garfield.

Before the merger, the employees of the HBC, unlike the North West Company, did not participate in its profits.

Before Haiti established its independence from French administration in 1804, Haiti ranked as the world's richest and most productive colony.

Before mating, each male excavates a brood site, a saucer-shaped depression under a rock or log with its entrance positioned out of the direct current, usually pointing downstream.

Before 1999, Bhutan had banned television and internet to preserve its culture, environment, its identity etc.

Before Jack and I moved to Montreal, we had just been through some very rough treatment in the racially biased South during spring training in Florida.

Before beginning treatment for mania, careful differential diagnosis must be performed to rule out non-psychiatric causes.

Bleeding: Before modern surgical developments, there was a very real threat that a patient would bleed to death before treatment, or during the operation.

Before sowing, certain seeds first require a treatment prior to the sowing process.

Before consumption, contaminated water should be sterilized by 1 ) boiling at a rolling boil for at least one minute ( longer at higher altitudes ), 2 ) ultrafiltration using a system designed for water treatment, or 3 ) chemically sterilized using an ozone, chlorine, or iodine product.

However, he refused to contribute to the Futurama episode " Where No Fan Has Gone Before " or allow his image to be used in it, and was " replaced " in the episode by the created character " Welshie " who was ultimately given the redshirt treatment.

Before this began, some of the timbers required treatment with triammonium citrate to remove residual iron residues in the nail holes of the outer hull planking.

Before commencing treatment, there should be definitive diagnosis of the underlying cause for iron deficiency.

Before his execution, he thanked his gaolers, Private Soldiers Ortega and Melchor, in letters for their humane treatment.

Before starting DSPD treatment, patients are often asked to spend at least a week sleeping regularly, without napping, at the times when the patient is most comfortable.

Before going to their assigned facilities and after their transfer from county jails, most prison inmates are sent to the Reception & Classification Center ( R & C ) in the Central Mississippi Correctional Facility ( CMCF ) to be classified according to behavior level and assessed for treatment.

Before the Commission was able to report Michie died at her home in Oban after receiving treatment for cancer.

Before proton treatment became available, the most common course of action was removal of the eye.

Before his election, he already had had to travel to Germany in 1893 for treatment, and the death of his oldest son from tuberculosis in 1897 weakened him further.

Before steroid treatment became available, mortality within one year was over 90 %, with average survival being 5 months.

Before penicillin became a viable medical treatment in the early 1940s, no true cure for gonorrhea, strep throat, or pneumonia existed.

Before he was elected as Commissioner of Central Committee of CCP in the 8th National Congress of CPC in 1956, Wang went to Moscow for medical treatment and would never return.

Before the invention of antibiotics, myringotomy was the main treatment of severe acute otitis media ( middle ear infection ).

Before the GOG was founded, most clinical trials were small studies from single institutions or case reports and lacked the statistical power to convince physicians around the world to adopt innovative treatment strategies.

Before birth, options for treatment include intrauterine transfusion or early induction of labor when pulmonary maturity has been attained, fetal distress is present, or 35 to 37 weeks of gestation have passed.

Before delirium treatment, the cause must be established.

) Before starting treatment at Straight, 97 % of these individuals had used marijuana, 56 % had used cocaine and 25 % had used opiates such as heroin.

Before initiation of treatment a complete and differentiated blood count should be taken.

Before the worms can be treated, however, the dog must be evaluated for heart, liver, and kidney function to evaluate the risks of treatment.